scholarly journals Comparative anatomy and salt management of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (Lythraceae) grown in saltwater and freshwater

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10962
Author(s):  
Sukrit Tatongjai ◽  
Ekaphan Kraichak ◽  
Prasart Kermanee
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Salt Exclusion ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Plants

Sonneratia caseolaris is a pioneer species in mangrove. It can naturally grow in both saltwater and freshwater. The study was aimed at investigating and comparing the anatomical character of the S. caseolaris plants growing in different conditions and how they coped with salinity. The anatomical characteristics of roots, stems, petioles and leaf blade were investigated. The plant samples were prepared into permanent slides using a paraffin method, while the wood samples were made into permanent slides using a sliding microtome technique. Tissue clearing of leaf blade and scanning electron microscopic analysis of wood were performed. In addition, sodium chloride content in various organs and tissues was examined. It was found that cable root, stem and leaf blade showed some different anatomical characteristics between the two conditions. Periderm is a prominent tissue in saltwater roots. Tanniferous cells were observed in pneumatophores, petioles, stems and leaf blades of saltwater plants, but not found in pneumatophores and lamina of freshwater plants. Mesophyll thickness was lower in the saltwater condition. The vessel density was significantly higher in the saltwater condition than in the freshwater condition, whereas the vessel diameters in the freshwater condition were significantly higher than those in the saltwater condition. From the results, it can be concluded that root periderm plays an important role in salt exclusion, and the occurrence of tanniferous cells is associated with salt elimination.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study on Gold-Like Luster Development of Solution-Cast Oligo(3-methoxythiophene) Film

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Minako Kubo ◽  
Minako Tachiki ◽  
Terumasa Mitogawa ◽  
Kota Saito ◽  
Ryota Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Regular Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Solution-cast coating films of perchlorate-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) exhibited a gold-like luster similar to that of metallic gold despite the involvement of no metals. However, the development mechanism of the luster remains ambiguous. To understand the mechanism, we performed scanning electron microscopic analysis, variable-angle spectral reflectance measurements, and ellipsometry measurements on ClO4−-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) cast film with a gold-like luster. The results revealed that the lustrous color of the film was not induced by the submicron-sized regular structures (structural color), nor by the high-density free electrons (reflective response based on Drude model), but by the large optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) of the film, as speculated previously.

Wear and microwear on the teeth of a moose (Alces alces) population in Manitoba, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2467-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Young ◽  
Therese M. Marty
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis

A group of wild moose from Manitoba, Canada, were documented as having excessive tooth wear. Replicas of one incisor tooth were collected from 16 individuals and from 19 controls for comparison by volumetric and scanning electron microscopic analysis. All animals were aged from tooth cementum lines. Tooth replicas were cast from silicone rubber impressions in epoxy resin and sputter coated with gold. Tooth wear with age was compared statistically by measuring crown height, percent tooth loss, interfacet distance, and facet area on the incisors. The unique pattern of wear on the anterior teeth of affected moose was described. In affected animals, crown heights were significantly reduced and percent tooth loss was excessive. Microwear analysis found that an abrasive agent, acting predominantly in a lingual to labial direction, had been responsible for loss of enamel and dentine incisally and interproximally, and on the facial and lingual surfaces to a lesser extent. Interdental facets became involved by vertical abrasion. Control teeth showed fewer but coarser scratches and only approached the pattern of wear found in affected moose in a few individuals in old age. The loss of tooth structure would lead to diminished cropping efficiency and damage to the periodontium.

scholarly journals Silicon Promotes Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Enhances Salinity Tolerance ofAjuga multifloraBunge by Altering Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Shoot Induction Medium

We investigated the effect of Si concentration on shoot regeneration and salinity tolerance ofAjuga multiflora. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot induction. The average number of shoots regenerated per explant decreased on the medium containing NaCl alone, while there was less decrease when the shoot induction medium was supplemented with both NaCl and Si. The shoot induction percentage increased linearly with increasing concentration of Si in the NaCl containing medium. Addition of Si to the shoot induction medium significantly increased SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activity in regenerated shoot buds as compared with the control. The inclusion of Si to the NaCl containing medium significantly increased the SOD activity in leaves and roots, while it decreased POD, APX, and CAT activity in both organs. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that there are no distinct differences in the structure of stomata between the control and Si-treated plants. However, NaCl treatment significantly affected the structure and number of stomata as compared to the control. Wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the high Si deposition in trichomes of plants grown in the Si containing medium but not in plants grown in the medium without Si.

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