scholarly journals Injuries and molting interference in a trilobite from the Cambrian (Furongian) of South China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11201
Author(s):  
Ruiwen Zong

An injured Shergoldia laevigata Zhu, Hughes & Peng, 2007 (Trilobita, Asaphida) was collected from the Furongian of Guangxi, South China. The injuries occurred in the left thoracic pleurae possessing two marked V-shaped gaps. It led to substantial transverse shortening of the left pleural segments, with barely perceptible traces of healing. This malformation is interpreted as a sub-lethal attack from an unknown predator. The morphology of injuries and the spatial and temporal distribution of predators indicated that the predatory structure might have been the spines on the ganathobase or ganathobase-like structure of a larger arthropod. There were overlapped segments located in the front of the injuries, and slightly dislocated thoracic segments on the left part of the thorax, suggesting that the trilobite had experienced difficulties during molting. The freshly molted trilobite had dragged forward the old exuvia causing the irregular arrangement of segments. This unusual trilobite specimen indicates that the injuries interfered with molting.


Hydrobiologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 605 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangqin Huang ◽  
Wenlu Lan ◽  
Zhenrui Cao ◽  
Minhan Dai ◽  
Lingfeng Huang ◽  
...  


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12337
Author(s):  
Yuting Feng ◽  
Haiyi Shi ◽  
Gang Hou ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Changming Dong

The jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) is both a dominant pelagic fish species and an important fishing target in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. However, the resource status of this species fluctuates dramatically, and it has recently been added to a “red list” of threatened species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Despite its economic importance and decreasing population status, limited research on its spatiotemporal distribution has been undertaken over the last decades. In order to evaluate the most crucial factors that influence the spatiotemporal variability of T. japonicus and to determine GAM performance and predictability, we analyze catch per unit effort (CPUE) of T. japonicus from Beibu Gulf over four seasons (months) from 2013 to 2014. A generalized additive model (GAMs) is populated with water depth and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and sea level anomaly (SLA). The CPUE of T. japonicus varies seasonally, with higher CPUE in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, and the highest CPUE in summer. GAM results explain 57% of the deviation explained in CPUE, with the most important variables being SLA, Month, Depth, SSS, and SST , each explaining 21.2%, 18.7%, 10.7%, 5.1%, and 1.3% of the variation in CPUE, respectively. This species occurs mainly between 50 and 75 m depth, SSS values 32.3–33.5 PSU and SST 25–30.5 °C. High CPUE sites occur near SLA ≤ 0 m, on the edge of cold eddies, and there is a certain catch near the sea surface with SLA ≥ 0 m. The spatial and temporal distribution of T. japonicus is affected by the season and the marine hydrological environment. This study might contribute to a better understanding of the distributional patterns of T. japonicus as well as provide a basis for sustainable management in the Beibu Gulf.









2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqiang Chen ◽  
Chengde Shen ◽  
Yanmin Sun ◽  
Shaolin Peng ◽  
Weixi Yi ◽  
...  


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Augustyn ◽  
Caroline R. Mahoney ◽  
M. R. Fletcher ◽  
Edward Hirsch




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