scholarly journals Modelling environmental drivers of black band disease outbreaks in populations of foliose corals in the genus Montipora

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C.M. Chen ◽  
David G. Bourne ◽  
Christopher C. Drovandi ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Bette L. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Healthy Coral

Seawater temperature anomalies associated with warming climate have been linked to increases in coral disease outbreaks that have contributed to coral reef declines globally. However, little is known about how seasonal scale variations in environmental factors influence disease dynamics at the level of individual coral colonies. In this study, we applied a multi-state Markov model (MSM) to investigate the dynamics of black band disease (BBD) developing from apparently healthy corals and/or a precursor-stage, termed ‘cyanobacterial patches’ (CP), in relation to seasonal variation in light and seawater temperature at two reef sites around Pelorus Island in the central sector of the Great Barrier Reef. The model predicted that the proportion of colonies transitioning from BBD to Healthy states within three months was approximately 57%, but 5.6% of BBD cases resulted in whole colony mortality. According to our modelling, healthy coral colonies were more susceptible to BBD during summer months when light levels were at their maxima and seawater temperatures were either rising or at their maxima. In contrast, CP mostly occurred during spring, when both light and seawater temperatures were rising. This suggests that environmental drivers for healthy coral colonies transitioning into a CP state are different from those driving transitions into BBD. Our model predicts that (1) the transition from healthy to CP state is best explained by increasing light, (2) the transition between Healthy to BBD occurs more frequently from early to late summer, (3) 20% of CP infected corals developed BBD, although light and temperature appeared to have limited impact on this state transition, and (4) the number of transitions from Healthy to BBD differed significantly between the two study sites, potentially reflecting differences in localised wave action regimes.

scholarly journals Modelling environmental drivers of black band disease outbreaks in populations of foliose corals in the genus Montipora

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C.M Chen ◽  
David G Bourne ◽  
Chris Drovandi ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Bette L Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Healthy Coral

Seawater temperature anomalies associated with warming climate have been linked to increases in coral disease outbreaks that have contributed to coral reef declines globally. However, little is known about how seasonal scale variations in environmental factors influence disease dynamics at the level of individual coral colonies. In this study, we applied a multi-state Markov model (MSM) to investigate the dynamics of black band disease (BBD) developing from apparently healthy corals and/or a precursor-stage, termed ‘cyanobacterial patches’ (CP), in relation to seasonal variation in light and seawater temperature at two reef sites around Pelorus Island in the central sector of the Great Barrier Reef. The model predicted returning rate from BBD to Healthy in three months was approximately 57%, but 5.6% of BBD cases resulted in whole colony mortality. Healthy coral colonies were more susceptible to BBD during summer months when light levels were at their maxima and seawater temperatures were either rising or at their maxima. In contrast, CP mostly occurred during spring, when both light and seawater temperatures were rising. This suggests that environmental drivers for healthy coral colonies transitioning into a CP state are different from those driving transitions into BBD. Our model predicts that (1) the transition from healthy to CP state is best explained by rising light, (2) the transition between healthy to BBD occurs more frequently from early to late summer, (3) 20% of CP infected corals developed BBD, although light and temperature appeared to have limited impact on this state transition, and (4) the number of transitions from healthy to BBD differed significantly between the two study sites, potentially reflecting differences in localised wave action regimes.

scholarly journals Modelling environmental drivers of black band disease outbreaks in populations of foliose corals in the genus Montipora

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C.M Chen ◽  
David G Bourne ◽  
Chris Drovandi ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Bette L Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Healthy Coral

Seawater temperature anomalies associated with warming climate have been linked to increases in coral disease outbreaks that have contributed to coral reef declines globally. However, little is known about how seasonal scale variations in environmental factors influence disease dynamics at the level of individual coral colonies. In this study, we applied a multi-state Markov model (MSM) to investigate the dynamics of black band disease (BBD) developing from apparently healthy corals and/or a precursor-stage, termed ‘cyanobacterial patches’ (CP), in relation to seasonal variation in light and seawater temperature at two reef sites around Pelorus Island in the central sector of the Great Barrier Reef. The model predicted returning rate from BBD to Healthy in three months was approximately 57%, but 5.6% of BBD cases resulted in whole colony mortality. Healthy coral colonies were more susceptible to BBD during summer months when light levels were at their maxima and seawater temperatures were either rising or at their maxima. In contrast, CP mostly occurred during spring, when both light and seawater temperatures were rising. This suggests that environmental drivers for healthy coral colonies transitioning into a CP state are different from those driving transitions into BBD. Our model predicts that (1) the transition from healthy to CP state is best explained by rising light, (2) the transition between healthy to BBD occurs more frequently from early to late summer, (3) 20% of CP infected corals developed BBD, although light and temperature appeared to have limited impact on this state transition, and (4) the number of transitions from healthy to BBD differed significantly between the two study sites, potentially reflecting differences in localised wave action regimes.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 years of coral disease research visualized through the scope of network theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Montilla ◽  
Alfredo Ascanio ◽  
Alejandra Verde ◽  
Aldo Croquer
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Black Band

AbstractCoral disease research encompasses five decades of undeniable progress. Since the first descriptions of anomalous signs, we have come to understand multiple processes and environmental drivers that interact with coral pathologies. To gain a better insight into the knowledge we already have, we explored how key topics in coral disease research have been related to each other using network analysis. We reviewed 719 papers and conference proceedings published from 1965 to 2017. From each study, four elements determined our network nodes: 1) studied disease(s); 2) host genus; 3) marine ecoregion(s) associated with the study site; and 4) research objectives. Basic properties of this network confirmed that there is a set of specific topics comprising the majority of research. The top five diseases, genera, and ecoregions studied accounted for over 48% of the research effort in all cases. The community structure analysis identified 15 clusters of topics with different degrees of overlap among them. These clusters represent the typical sets of elements that appear together for a given study. Our results show that while some coral diseases have been studied considering multiple aspects, the overall trend is for most diseases to be understood under a limited range of approaches, e.g. bacterial assemblages have been considerably studied in Yellow and Black band diseases while immune response has been better examined for the aspergillosis-Gorgonia system. Thus, our challenge in the near future is to identify and resolve potential gaps in order to achieve a more comprehensive progress on coral disease research.

scholarly journals Cyanotoxins are not implicated in the etiology of coral black band disease outbreaks on Pelorus Island, Great Barrier Reef

2010 ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Glas ◽  
Cherie A. Motti ◽  
Andrew P. Negri ◽  
Yui Sato ◽  
Suzanne Froscio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Black Band

scholarly journals Coral Disease Diagnostics: What's between a Plague and a Band?

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Ainsworth ◽  
E. Kramasky-Winter ◽  
Y. Loya ◽  
O. Hoegh-Guldberg ◽  
M. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Extensive Necrosis

ABSTRACT Recently, reports of coral disease have increased significantly across the world's tropical oceans. Despite increasing efforts to understand the changing incidence of coral disease, very few primary pathogens have been identified, and most studies remain dependent on the external appearance of corals for diagnosis. Given this situation, our current understanding of coral disease and the progression and underlying causes thereof is very limited. In the present study, we use structural and microbial studies to differentiate different forms of black band disease: atypical black band disease and typical black band disease. Atypical black band diseased corals were infected with the black band disease microbial consortium yet did not show any of the typical external signs of black band disease based on macroscopic observations. In previous studies, these examples, here referred to as atypical black band disease, would have not been correctly diagnosed. We also differentiate white syndrome from white diseases on the basis of tissue structure and the presence/absence of microbial associates. White diseases are those with dense bacterial communities associated with lesions of symbiont loss and/or extensive necrosis of tissues, while white syndromes are characteristically bacterium free, with evidence for extensive programmed cell death/apoptosis associated with the lesion and the adjacent tissues. The pathology of coral disease as a whole requires further investigation. This study emphasizes the importance of going beyond the external macroscopic signs of coral disease for accurate disease diagnosis.

scholarly journals Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaida Hadaidi ◽  
Maren Ziegler ◽  
Amanda Shore-Maggio ◽  
Thor Jensen ◽  
Greta Aeby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Black Band

Black Band Disease (BBD) is a widely distributed and destructive coral disease that has been studied on a global scale, but baseline data on coral diseases is missing from many areas of the Arabian Seas. Here we report on the broad distribution and prevalence of BBD in the Red Sea in addition to documenting a bleaching-associated outbreak of BBD with subsequent microbial community characterization of BBD microbial mats at this reef site in the southern central Red Sea. Coral colonies with BBD were found at roughly a third of our 22 survey sites with an overall prevalence of 0.04%. Nine coral genera were infected including Astreopora, Coelastrea, Dipsastraea, Gardineroseris, Goniopora, Montipora, Pavona, Platygyra, and Psammocora. For a southern central Red Sea outbreak site, overall prevalence was 40 times higher than baseline (1.7%). Differential susceptibility to BBD was apparent among coral genera with Dipsastraea (prevalence 6.1%), having more diseased colonies than was expected based on its abundance within transects. Analysis of the microbial community associated with the BBD mat showed that it is dominated by a consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. We detected the three main indicators for BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)), with high similarity to BBD-associated microbes found worldwide. More specifically, the microbial consortium of BBD-diseased coral colonies in the Red Sea consisted of Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria), Desulfovibrio sp. (SRB), and Arcobacter sp. (SOB). Given the similarity of associated bacteria worldwide, our data suggest that BBD represents a global coral disease with predictable etiology. Furthermore, we provide a baseline assessment of BBD disease prevalence in the Red Sea, a still understudied region.

Coral disease succession in Tobago: from yellow band to black band disease

Coral Reefs ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mallela ◽  
R. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Yellow Band ◽  
Black Band

scholarly journals Scleractinian Coral Health Status of Padang Shelf Reef System, West Sumatera, Indonesia (Status Kesehatan Karang Skleraktinian pada Sistem Terumbu Karang Pesisir di Perairan Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Amran R Syam
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
White Syndrome ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pocillopora Verrucosa

Prevalensi penyakit karang sebelumnya belum dilaporkan di perairan Padang, Sumatera Barat. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan prevalensi penyakit karang pada lokasi yang dekat dengan pantai, pertengahan dan lokasi terluar, dimana lokasi tersebut merupakan lokasi pemantauan yang berkesinambungan sejak tahun 1994 untuk data kondisi karang. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah metode transek sabuk dengan ukuran 1 m kekiri dan kekanan transek garis yang memiliki panjang 30 m dan 3 ulangan. Dua jenis penyakit dan dua indicator stress karang teramati pada penelitian ini. Penyakit karang sabuk hitam (Black Band Disease, BBD) yang banyak ditemukan di Pulau Pandan (1.3%) pada kedalam 5 m. Penyakit White Syndrome (WS) terjadi di Gosong Air (0.3%). Beberapa koloni karang Montipora sp. dan Pocillopora verrucosa mengalami pemutihan di Pulau Pieh (2.1%).Focal bleaching ditemukan pada karang Galaxea sp. dan Goniastrea sp. di Gosong Gabuo (2.5%) dan pada karang Pocillopora verrucosa di Gosong Sipakal (3.9%). Penyakit BBD menginfeksi karang Montipora sp. dan Porites sp. Penyakit WS hanya menginfeksi karang Montipora sp. Karang Montipora sp, Pocillopora sp dan Porites sp banyak dan umum ditemukan di perairan Padang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa infeksi penyakit karang masih tergolong rendah dan secara alamiah bisa terjadi sehingga tidak menghalangi proses pemulihan kondisi karang yang saat ini terjadi dan secara umum pada status kesehatan karang. Kata kunci: coral disease, black band disease, white syndrome, Sumatera Barat The prevalence of coral disease was previously unreported on the reefs of the Padang Shelf Reef System, West Sumatra and is relatively uncommon. The objective of this study was to get coral disease prevalence of each site which located at inshore, mid-shelf reef and off-shore reefs. The research was carried out by using belt transect method with 1 m left and right of tape as long 30 m with 3 replications. Two kinds of coral disease and two indicators of stressed coral were observed. While relatively infrequent, Black Band Disease was most common (1.3%) occurring on Pandan Island at 5m. White Syndrome occurred at Air patch reef (0.3%). A few bleached colonies of Montipora sp. and Pocillopora verrucosa were observed on Pieh Island reef (2.1%). Focal bleaching was observed on Galaxea sp. and Goniastrea sp. at Gabuo patch reefs (2.5%) and on Pocillopora verrucosa at Sipakal patch reef (3.9%). BBD infected both Montipora sp. and Porites sp. WS only infected on Montipora sp. Montipora, Pocillopora and Porites were the most common genera observed on the reefs. It suggests that coral disease infection was classified as a minor and it will not hamper coral recovery processes and coral health status in Padang Waters, West Sumatera. Keywords: coral disease, black band disease, white syndrome, West Sumatera

scholarly journals MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF BLACK BAND DISEASE ON INFECTION, HEALTHY, AND DEAD PART OF SCLERACTINIAN Montipora sp. COLONY AT SERIBU ISLANDS, INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen ◽  
Neviaty Putri Zamani ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
David Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Black Band Disease ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Black Band

It is crucial to understand the microbial community associated with the host when attempting to discern the pathogen responsible for disease outbreaks in scleractinian corals. This study determines changes in the bacterial community associated with Montipora sp. in response to black band disease in Indonesian waters. Healthy, diseased, and dead Montipora sp. (n = 3 for each sample type per location) were collected from three different locations (Pari Island, Pramuka Island, and Peteloran Island). DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) was carried out to identify the bacterial community associated with each sample type and histological analysis was conducted to identify pathogens associated with specific tissues. Various Desulfovibrio species were found as novelty to be associated with infection samples, including Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfovibrio magneticus, and Desulfovibrio gigas, Bacillus benzoevorans, Bacillus farraginis in genus which previously associated with pathogenicity in corals. Various bacterial species associated with uninfected corals were lost in diseased and dead samples. Unlike healthy samples, coral tissues such as the epidermis, endodermis, zooxanthellae were not present on dead samples under histological observation. Liberated zooxanthellae and cyanobacteria were found in black band diseased Montipora sp. samples.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 years of coral disease research visualized through the scope of network theory

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Montilla ◽  
Alfredo Ascanio ◽  
Alejandra Verde ◽  
Aldo Croquer
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Black Band

Coral disease research encompasses five decades of undeniable progress. Since the first descriptions of anomalous signs, we have come to understand multiple processes and environmental drivers that interact with coral pathologies. In order to gain a better insight into the knowledge we already have, we explored how key topics in coral disease research have been related to each other using network analysis. We reviewed 719 papers and conference proceedings published from 1965 to 2017. From each study, four elements determined our network nodes: (1) studied disease(s); (2) host genus; (3) marine ecoregion(s) associated with the study site; and (4) research objectives. Basic properties of this network confirmed that there is a set of specific topics comprising the majority of research. The top five diseases, genera, and ecoregions studied accounted for over 48% of the research effort in all cases. The community structure analysis identified 15 clusters of topics with different degrees of overlap among them. These clusters represent the typical sets of elements that appear together for a given study. Our results show that while some coral diseases have been studied considering multiple aspects, the overall trend is for most diseases to be understood under a limited range of approaches, e.g., bacterial assemblages have been considerably studied in Yellow and Black band diseases while immune response has been better examined for the aspergillosis-Gorgonia system. Thus, our challenge in the near future is to identify and resolve potential gaps in order to achieve a more comprehensive progress on coral disease research.

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