Coral diseases of mushroom coral (Fungiidae) in Pari Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

Coral disease is one of the causes of the decline in the condition of coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to measure coral health based on the abundance and prevalence of coral health categories. The research was conducted in the Pari Island Cluster, Seribu Islands at four stations. The Belt Transect method with 2 × 100 meters was used to calculate coral health and a 30 m Line Intercept Transect (LIT) with three replications to determine substrate cover. The condition of coral reefs can be categorized as moderate to good based on this percentage value. The study results found five genera from the Fungiidae, namely Fungia, Ctenactis, Herpolitha, Heliofungia, and Sandalolitha. The most commonly found genus is the genus Fungia. The health condition of Fungiidae corals in Pari Island is divided into two categories, namely 35% healthy and 65% unhealthy, consisting of changes in tissue color - white (coral bleaching), changes in tissue color - not white (yellow band disease), and compromised health (damage by sedimentation). Yellow band disease is only found in the genus ˆ and is not found in other genera.

A new species of the bark louse genus Clematoscenea (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Xizang, China

A new species of the bark louse genus Clematoscenea Enderlein, 1907, namely Clematoscenea biprocessus sp. n., is described from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. The new species can be diagnosed by the forewing with a nearly V-shaped brown marking on proximal half in female but hyaline on corresponding region in male, and by the abdomen dorsally with a yellow band. Keys to species of Clematoscenea based on male and female characters are also provided.

EVALUATING ACOMP, FLAASH AND QUAC ON WORLDVIEW-3 FOR SATELLITE DERIVED BATHYMETRY (SDB) IN SHALLOW WATER

Bathymetry map is instrumental for monitoring marine ecosystem and supporting marine transportation. Optical satellite imagery has been widely utilised as an alternative method to derive bathymetry map in shallow water. Nonetheless, interactions between electromagnetic energy and Earth’s atmosphere causing the atmosphere effects pose a significant challenge in satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) application. In this study, Worldview-3 imagery was used to obtain bathymetry map in shallow water. Three atmospheric correction models (ACOMP, FLAASH and QUAC) were employed to eliminate atmospheric effects on Worldview-3 imagery. Three simple band ratios involving coastal blue, blue, green and yellow band were used to test the performance of atmospheric correction models. ACOMP combined with blue and green band ratio efficaciously provided the best performance where it explained 77% of model values. Bathymetry map obtained from Worldview-3 was also validated using bathymetry data acquired from bathymetric survey over the study area. The estimated depths shared aggregable results with measured depths (depth < 20 m) with accuracy of 2.07 m. This study shows that robust atmospheric correction combined with suitable simple band combinations offered bathymetry map retrieval with relatively high accuracy.

PREVALENSI DAN JENIS PENYAKIT YANG MENGINFEKSI KARANG DI PERAIRAN PULAU ENGGANO BENGKULU

Penyakit karang merupakan salah satu permasalahan ekosistem terumbu karang yang diakibatkan oleh manusia. Penyakit karang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan daya imun karang yang ditandai dengan terhambatnya laju pertumbuhan pada karang dan berdampak pada matinya karang di suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis penyakit dan bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang sering terinfeksi penyakit serta menganalisis prevalensi penyakit karang di Perairan Pulau Enggano, Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Pengambilan data penyakit karang dengan metode transek sabuk (Belt Transect). Hasil penelitian didapatkn 9 jenis penyakit yang ditemukan di Pulau Enggano, yaitu Yellow Band Desease, Black Band Desease, White Band Desease, Red Band Desease, Dark Plague, White Plague, Pink Plotch, dan Ulcerative White Spots, serta White Spot. Sedangkan bentuk pertumbuhan (lifeform) karang yang terinfeksi adalah Coral Massive dan Acropora Branching. Tingkat prevelensi karang tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi Kahabi, sedangkan terendah pada Pulau Dua di bagian windward. Tingginya tingkat prevalensi di Kahabi dimungkinkan karena tingginya kedalaman di lokasi tersebut. Rendahnya tingkat prevalensi karang pada Pulau Dua di sisi windward dimungkinkan karena pada sisi ini merupakan daerah yang terkena arus tiap saat, sehingga membantu karang dalam membersihkan sedimen yang menempel pada permukaan yang dimungkinkan membawa bakteri penyebab penyakit karang.CORAL DISEASE PREVALENCE IN ENGGANO ISLAND, BENGKULU. Coral disease is one of the coral reef ecosystem problems caused by humans. Coral disease causes a decrease in the quality and immunity of corals characterized by stunted growth rates on corals and impacts on the death of corals in waters. This study aims to identify the types of coral disease and coral lifeform that are often infected and analyze the prevalence of coral disease in Enggano Island Waters, Bengkulu. This research used survey method. Coral disease data were obtained using the belt transect method. The results obtained 9 types of coral diseases found on Enggano Island, namely Yellow Band Desease, Black Band Desease, White Band Desease, Red Band Desease, Dark Plague, White Plague, Pink Plotch, and Ulcerative White Spots, and White Spot. While infected lifeforms were Coral Massive and Acropora Branching. The highest level of coral prevalence was at the Kahabi site, while the lowest was on Pulau Dua in the windward area. The high prevalence rate in Kahabi might be due to the high depth at the location. The low level of coral prevalence on Pulau Dua on the windward side might be caused by being exposed to the current at any time, thus helping the coral in cleaning sediments attached to the surface which could carry the bacteria that cause coral disease.

Elaboração e avaliação físico-química e sensorial da manteiga de leite e da manteiga clarificada produzidas a partir do leite de vacas Girolando

<p>The present study aimed to make and compare the physicochemical and sensory aspects of milk butter and clarified butter from the milk of Girolando cows. The milk was hygienically collected, creamed and had its fat standardized, after that there was the production of milk butter and clarified butter, according to official methodologies, or according to traditional methods of the region. Fat percentage values were 80.50% in cream, 71.55% in milk butter and 97.33% in clarified butter. The protein content was 0.99% in sour cream, 0.75% in butter and 0.72% in clarified butter. We demonstrated that the technological process involved in the production of clarified butter reduces the protein content in the final product, but rises the fat content. The sensory analysis of the butter allowed identifying 19 unimportant attributes for the consumer, but it was possible to demonstrate the discriminatory capacity of consumers, with the difference (p&lt;0.10) for color, flavor, and texture. As for the instrumental color parameters (L *, a *, b *, Chroma, and Hue) confirmed that the color of the final product depends directly on the fat content, thus the clarified butter was located in the golden yellow range, while the milk butter was in the light yellow band. The results of this study suggest that further research should be conducted to standardize bottle butter production processes in the country.</p>

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of La2O2S:RE3+ (RE3+ = Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+) Submicron Size Phosphors for Lamp Industry

RE3+(RE3+ = Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+) doped La2O2S phosphors was synthesized by solid state flux fusion method and their down conversion spectral properties were studied as a function different RE3+ concentrations and reported in this paper. The solid state flux fusion results in well crystallized hexagonal shaped phosphor particles. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR photoluminescence (PL) and CIE colour co-ordinates techniques. The lanthanum oxysulphide (La2O2S) phosphor doped with Ce3+ shows broad band emission with peak at 390 nm and 415 nm when excited at 340 nm excitation. La2O2S:Dy3+ shows efficient blue and yellow band emissions at 480 nm and 572 nm. La2O2S:Eu3+ phosphor shows an orange and red emission at 590 nm and 615 nm. Whereas La2O2S:Tb3+ phosphor shows weak blue emission at 488 nm and strong green 545 nm. The excitation spectra used for the La2O2S:RE3+ (where RE3+ = Ce3+, Dy3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+) phosphors is in the near UV region extending from 350 to 400 nm, which is characteristics of near UV excited LED. The effect of the RE3+ (RE3+= Ce3+, Dy3+ , Eu3+ and Tb3+) concentration on the luminescence properties of La2O2S:RE3+ phosphors were also studied. The investigated prepared La2O2S phosphors may be suitable for a near UV excited W-LED. Keywords: Oxysulphide, SEM, FT-IR, PL, SSL, CIE.

A new species of the genus Xya Latreille, 1809 from Fujian, China (Orthoptera, Tridctyloidea, Tridactylidae)

The genus Xya Latreille, 1808 obtains 58 known species in the world, among them 18 species distributed in Asia and 8 species in China only i.e. Xya japonica (Haan, 1842), Xya riparia (Saussure, 1877), Xya nitobei (Shiraki, 1911), Xya apicicornis (Chopard, 1928), Xya manchurei Shiraki, 1936, Xya lehsanensis Cao et al, 2017, Xya sichuanensis Cao et al, 2018, Xya shandongensis, Zhang et al, 2018; [Latreille, 1809; Haan, 1844; Walker, 1871; Saussure, 1877, 1896; Brunner von Wattenwyl. 1893; Bolivar, 1900(1899); Shiraki,1911, 1936; Chopard, 1920, 1928, 1936, 1968; Tindale, 1928; Willemse, 1954; Bey-Bienko, 1967; Harz, 1970, 1971; Günther, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1990, 1995, 1998; Ingrisch, 1987, 2006; Baehr, 1988; Yin et al, 1996; Murai, 2005; Yin et al, 2013; Heads & Hollier, 2016; Kuravova & Kocarek, 2016; Cao et al, 2017; Cao et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018; Cigliano, et al, 2019]. In the present paper, a new species of the genus Xya Latreille, 1809 from Fujian, China is described. The new species Xya fujianensis sp. nov. is similar to Xya lehsanensis Cao et al, 2017, but differs from the latter by head black, with a yellow band along inner margin of eye; pronotum black, with a white band on the lower margin; fore wing black, with two yellow spots near base and two yellow spots near top and hind femur black with two large yellow spots on upper side. Type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China.

New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf

We report first observations of three coral diseases including black band disease on Acropora, a syndrome resembling yellow band disease and red band disease on Porites colonies from depth 5–6 m at Abu-Musa Island after widespread coral bleaching in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in October 2012.

New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf

We report first observations of three coral diseases including black band disease on Acropora, a syndrome resembling yellow band disease and red band disease on Porites colonies from depth 5–6 m at Abu-Musa Island after widespread coral bleaching in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in October 2012.

KELIMPAHAN DAN PREVALENSI PENYAKIT KARANG DI PERAIRAN LANGARA, KONAWA KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Penyakit karang adalah gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang yang menyebabkan hilang atau rusaknya jaringan karang. Biota karang yang terinfeksi penyakit telah diidentifikasikan sebagai salah satu faktor utama yang memperburuk tutupan terumbu karang secara global. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang di Perairan Langara, Konawe Kepulauan, Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan data dilakukan di bulan April 2018 pada tiga stasiun penelitian. Metode pengambilan data kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang menggunakan metode belt transect (transek sabuk) dengan luas area transek 350 m2, yang ditarik sejajar garis pantai. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penyakit karang yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 8 jenis [Black Band Disease (BBD), Dark Spots Disease (DSD), Ulcerative White Spots (UWS), White Band Disease (WBD), Explained Growth Anomalies (EGA), White Syndrom (WS), Bleacing (BL) dan Yellow Band Disease (YBD)]. Kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang yang tertinggi terdapat di stasiun II, dimana nilai kelimpahan yaitu 0.063 koloni/m2 dan nilai prevalensi yaitu 92.187%. Jenis penyakit karang yang mendominasi di lokasi penelitian secara berturut-turut adalah UWS, BBD dan WS.Kata Kunci: Kelimpahan; Penyakit Karang; Perairan Langara; Prevalensi