scholarly journals ­Characterization of pyruvate kinase from the anoxia tolerant turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans: a potential role for enzyme methylation during metabolic rate depression

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M.S. Mattice ◽  
Isabelle A. MacLean ◽  
Christine L. Childers ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Metabolic Rate Depression ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Covalent Modifications

Background Pyruvate kinase (PK) is responsible for the final reaction in glycolysis. As PK is a glycolytic control point, the analysis of PK posttranslational modifications (PTM) and kinetic changes reveals a key piece of the reorganization of energy metabolism in an anoxia tolerant vertebrate. Methods To explore PK regulation, the enzyme was isolated from red skeletal muscle and liver of aerobic and 20-hr anoxia-exposed red eared-slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Kinetic analysis and immunoblotting were used to assess enzyme function and the corresponding covalent modifications to the enzymes structure during anoxia. Results Both muscle and liver isoforms showed decreased affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate substrate during anoxia, and muscle PK also had a lower affinity for ADP. I50 values for the inhibitors ATP and lactate were lower for PK from both tissues after anoxic exposure while I50 L-alanine was only reduced in the liver. Both isozymes showed significant increases in threonine phosphorylation (by 42% in muscle and 60% in liver) and lysine methylation (by 43% in muscle and 70% in liver) during anoxia which have been linked to suppression of PK activity in other organisms. Liver PK also showed a 26% decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation under anoxia. Discussion Anoxia responsive changes in turtle muscle and liver PK coordinate with an overall reduced activity state. This reduced affinity for the forward glycolytic reaction is likely a key component of the overall metabolic rate depression that supports long term survival in anoxia tolerant turtles. The coinciding methyl- and phospho- PTM alterations present the mechanism for tissue specific enzyme modification during anoxia.

scholarly journals Estivation-responsive microRNAs in a hypometabolic terrestrial snail

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam P. Hoyeck ◽  
Hanane Hadj-Moussa ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Rate Depression ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Hypometabolic State

When faced with extreme environmental conditions, the milk snail (Otala lactea) enters a state of dormancy known as estivation. This is characterized by a strong reduction in metabolic rate to <30% of normal resting rate that is facilitated by various behavioural, physiological, and molecular mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the regulation of microRNA in the induction of estivation. Changes in the expression levels of 75 highly conserved microRNAs were analysed in snail foot muscle, of which 26 were significantly upregulated during estivation compared with controls. These estivation-responsive microRNAs were linked to cell functions that are crucial for long-term survival in a hypometabolic state including anti-apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and maintenance of muscle functionality. Several of the microRNA responses by snail foot muscle also characterize hypometabolism in other species and support the existence of a conserved suite of miRNA responses that regulate environmental stress responsive metabolic rate depression across phylogeny.

scholarly journals INABILITY TO INDUCE TYMPANIC SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA USING ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT RED-EARED SLIDERS (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS)

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl R. Kroenlein ◽  
Jonathan M. Sleeman ◽  
Steven D. Holladay ◽  
Priscilla H. Joyner ◽  
Justin D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans

Helminths from the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans (Chelonia: Emydidae) in marshes from the eastern Iberian Peninsula: first report of Telorchis attenuata (Digenea: Telorchiidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Cardells ◽  
María Magdalena Garijo ◽  
Clara Marín ◽  
Santiago Vera
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Digenean Trematode ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
New Habitats

The present work describes the presence of a digenean in the red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1839) in marshes of the Valencian Community. The faeces and intestinal tract of 105 animals were examined. Only one helminth species was found and identified as the digenean trematode Telorchis atenuatta (Goldberger, 1911), present in the 7.6% of the animals analysed. This is the first report of the parasite in sliders from Spain. Although conclusions are preliminary due to the limited sampling, our results suggest that the presence of red-eared turtles in new habitats may increase the risk of introducing new microorganisms and new diseases with them, altering the sanitary status of the autochthonous terrapins Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) and Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758).

scholarly journals Deciphering and engineering chromodomain-methyllysine peptide recognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Hard ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Brian Ross ◽  
Gary C. H. Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Peptide Recognition ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Domain Peptide

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play critical roles in regulating protein functions and mediating protein-protein interactions. An important PTM is lysine methylation that orchestrates chromatin modifications and regulates functions of non-histone proteins. Methyllysine peptides are bound by modular domains, of which chromodomains are representative. Here, we conducted the first large-scale study of chromodomains in the human proteome interacting with both histone and non-histone methyllysine peptides. We observed significant degenerate binding between chromodomains and histone peptides, i.e., different histone sites can be recognized by the same set of chromodomains, and different chromodomains can share similar binding profiles to individual histone sites. Such degenerate binding is not dictated by amino acid sequence or PTM motif but rather rooted in the physiochemical properties defined by the PTMs on the histone peptides. This molecular mechanism is confirmed by the accurate prediction of the binding specificity using a computational model that captures the structural and energetic patterns of the domain-peptide interaction. To further illustrate the power and accuracy of our model, we used it to effectively engineer an exceptionally strong H3K9me3-binding chromodomain and to label H3K9me3 in live cells. This study presents a systematic approach to deciphering domain-peptide recognition and reveals a general principle by which histone modifications are interpreted by reader proteins, leading to dynamic regulation of gene expression and other biological processes.

scholarly journals MORFOLOGIA OVARIANA E DOS OVIDUTOS DE Trachemys scripta elegans (WIED, 1839, TESTUDINES) CRIADAS NO CERRADO BRASILEIRO

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
Adriana Gradela ◽  
Isabelle Caroline Pires ◽  
Maria Helena Tavares de Matos ◽  
Marcelo Domingues de Faria ◽  
Liliane Milanelo
Keyword(s):  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans
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