scholarly journals Impact assessment of high soil CO2on plant growth and soil environment: a greenhouse study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenmei He ◽  
Gayoung Yoo ◽  
Mohammad Moonis ◽  
Youjin Kim ◽  
Xuanlin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Soil

To ensure the safety of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, insight into the potential impacts of CO2leakage on the ecosystem is necessary. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of high soil CO2on plant growth and the soil environment. Treatments comprised 99.99% CO2injection (CG), 99.99% N2injection (NG), and no injection (BG). NG treatment was employed to differentiate the effects of O2depletion from those of CO2enrichment. Soil CO2and O2concentrations were maintained at an average of 53% and 11%, respectively, under CG treatment. We verified that high soil CO2had negative effects on root water absorption, chlorophyll, starch content and total biomass. Soil microbial acid phosphatase activity was affected by CG treatment. These negative effects were attributed to high soil CO2instead of low O2or low pH. Our results indicate that high soil CO2affected the root system, which in turn triggered further changes in aboveground plant tissues and rhizospheric soil water conditions. A conceptual diagram of CO2toxicity to plants and soil is suggested to act as a useful guideline for impact assessment of CCS technology.

Potassium availability in ash-modified biochar and its impact on plant growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Grafmüller ◽  
Nikolas Hagemann ◽  
Hans-Peter Schmidt ◽  
Nicolaus Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Modified Biochar

<p><span>Biochar is the solid carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis and is suggested as a viable tool to improve soil properties and to buil</span><span>d</span><span> up terrestrial carbon sinks. Since biochar is usually poor in nutrients, it needs to be enriched with nutrients before being applied to agricultural soils. Recently, the production of biochar from biomass with added wood ash has been proposed as a novel strategy. Among other elements, wood ashes are rich in potassium, an important macronutrient for plants. Compared to the direct application of pure wood ash, rapid nutrient leaching may be avoided by incorporating the ash into the pyrogenic carbon. In addition, alk</span><span>ali and alkaline</span><span> earth metals in the wood ash promote the formation of the solid product during biomass pyrolysis. However, it is necessary to find out to what extent the potassium in the ash-modified biochar is available for plants when introduced into the soil. </span><span>Based on a greenhouse trial, we investigated the potassium fertilisation effect of ash-modified biochars (2 t·ha</span><sup><span>-1</span></sup><span>) compared to a pure mineral fertilisation and the application of wood ash to the soil. Therefore, softwood sawdust mixed with different concentrations of wood ash was pyrolyzed at 500 °C resulting in ash contents between 2 and 70 wt% in the biochars. Content</span><span>s</span><span> of trace elements and organic pollutants (PAH, PCDD/F and PCB) w</span><span>ere</span><span> mostly below the limits of the European Biochar Certificate. Based on CaCl</span><sub><span>2 </span></sub><span>(0.01 M) extractions, between 6 and 10 % of the total potassium content in the ash-modified biochars was plant-available. For a greenhouse experiment, sunflower (</span><span><em>Helianthus annuus, Santa Fe variety</em></span><span>) was chosen because of its high potassium demand. A lack of potassium in the different treatments is expected to result in reduced plant growth and deficiency symptoms on the leaves. All treatments were fully fertili</span><span>s</span><span>ed, while mineral K was (partially) replaced by ash-modified biochar or wood ash according to the available potassium content of these additives. The evaluation of the fresh and dry biomass yields, as well as other plant vitality parameters, will show whether the potassium in the ash-modified biochars can replace mineral potassium fertiliser and/or whether ash-modified biochar can promote plant growth beyond a nutrient effect. Our results will determine if and how the use of wood ash in biochar production is a viable way to close nutrient cycles, reduce</span><span>s</span><span> the use of mineral potassium fertiliser in agriculture and at the same time promote</span><span>s</span><span> pyrogenic carbon capture and storage. </span></p>

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Digestates and Combinations of Digestates and Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Use of Brassica juncea (Kai Choy)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Jamison ◽  
Samir Kumar Khanal ◽  
Nhu H. Nguyen ◽  
Jonathan L. Deenik
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes produces solid residues known as digestates, which have potential as a fertilizer and soil amendment. The majority of research on digestate focuses on their fertilizer value. However, there is a lack of information about additional effects they may have on plant growth, both positive and negative. Understanding the effects of digestate on plant growth is essential to optimizing their use in agriculture and helping close the loop of material and energy balances. This greenhouse study evaluated the effects of two different digestates, a food waste digestate (FWD) and a lignocellulosic biomass digestate (LBD); a liquid fertilizer; and various combinations of fertilizer and digestates on plant growth, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of Brassica juncea (kai choy) plants. It also evaluated potential negative attributes of the digestates, including salinity and possible biohazards. Combinations of LBD and fertilizer performed as well or slightly better than the fertilizer control for most parameters, including aboveground biomass and root length. These same combinations had significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency than the fertilizer control. Inhibitory effects were observed in 100% LBD treatments, likely due to the high electrical conductivity of the media from digestate application. Based on this research, LBD could partially replace mineral fertilizers for kai choy at up to 50% of the target nitrogen rate and may lead to increased plant growth beyond mineral fertilizers. FWD could replace up to 100% of the target nitrogen application, without causing significant negative effects on plant growth. Increasing the use of digestates in agriculture will provide additional incentives for the anaerobic digestion process, as it produces two valuable products: biogas for energy and digestate for fertilizer.

scholarly journals Climate Change and CCS Technologies: Managerial and Political Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Paul James
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Ccs Technologies

Emissions of carbon dioxide appears to have risen to levels that have negative effects on the climate. These levels will continue to rise, taking the world’s average temperature over the Kyoto 1997 agreed 1.5oC temperature. To date, only 20Mn tonnes of CO2 has been permanently sequestered. This is a research paper that is focused on assessing issues relating to CO2 sequestration through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies and its impacts on managerial developments.An interpretive methodology was utilised in order to help understand the senior research management perceptions of leading research groups underpinning CCS developments and climate change implications. The scope for this research was CO2 sequestration leading research teams/groups articulated across the spectrum of major Western and Eastern countries. Consequently, the population of interest was made up of 17 leading global, climate change research group principal scientist/engineers as managers, located at multiple research sites within Europe, US and Asia, with a mandated research directive to assess/investigate climate change impacts of CO2 and other gas emissions for governments.The research outcomes consisted of Four (4) main themes: Emissions, Socio-Political Will/Government Strategy, Technical Development and Underground Strategies, Marketing and Costs; and Fifteen (15) sub-themes underpinned by 309 conversation targets. The paper addresses raised issues and determines outcomes and implications for managing the scope and application of CCS technologies. These indications are synthesised from major research actors in the field that show that socio-political strategies, economics and market development should be made clearer and a paradigm shift made to strengthen strategies to engage wider utilisation of CCS technologies.

scholarly journals Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Becker ◽  
V. Wulfmeyer ◽  
T. Berger ◽  
J. Gebel ◽  
W. Münch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract. We present a comprehensive, interdisciplinary project which demonstrates that large-scale plantations of Jatropha curcas – if established in hot, dry coastal areas around the world – could capture 17–25 t of carbon dioxide per hectare per year from the atmosphere (over a 20 yr period). Based on recent farming results it is confirmed that the Jatropha curcas plant is well adapted to harsh environments and is capable of growing alone or in combination with other tree and shrub species with minimal irrigation in hot deserts where rain occurs only sporadically. Our investigations indicate that there is sufficient unused and marginal land for the widespread cultivation of Jatropha curcas to have a significant impact on atmospheric CO2 levels at least for several decades. In a system in which desalinated seawater is used for irrigation and for delivery of mineral nutrients, the sequestration costs were estimated to range from 42–63 EUR per tonne CO2. This result makes carbon farming a technology that is competitive with carbon capture and storage (CCS). In addition, high-resolution simulations using an advanced land-surface–atmosphere model indicate that a 10 000 km2 plantation could produce a reduction in mean surface temperature and an onset or increase in rain and dew fall at a regional level. In such areas, plant growth and CO2 storage could continue until permanent woodland or forest had been established. In other areas, salinization of the soil may limit plant growth to 2–3 decades whereupon irrigation could be ceased and the captured carbon stored as woody biomass.

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