150 ‘A Safe Learning Environment’: Simulation-Induced Stress Literature Review

Simulation-based education (SBE) is often celebrated as a safe learning environment, but this usually refers to the risk posed to patients, in this literature review the psychological safety for participants and the elements of SBE that generate or reduce stress are sought. Stress and learning have a complex relationship in adult learning; however, negative stress may inhibit memory formation and so the sustainable effect of SBE learning may be jeopardized by participants experiencing unnecessary stress during SBE. It is therefore important to identify the nature and trigger for stress in SBE to optimize this resource.Using the online database PubMed and the search terms (stress and anxiety) AND (Simulation) AND ((clinical education, medical education)) without limits on publication type or date, 20 articles were returned. A non-systematic review was undertaken. Articles that were designed to deliberately introduce stress into SMEs to gauge the effect on performance were excluded. Included studies analysed the type, characteristics and potential triggers of stress evoked through participation in SBE. 17 studies were retained.No studies in the UK were returned, SBE participants were from undergraduate and post-graduate settings and there was a mixture of professional groups included with three studies looking at team-based SMEs. Study design and method varied with an observational study being the most common method. Only one looked at qualitative data from focus groups of SME participants. Nearly all studies recorded a physical marker of stress – heart rate, cortisol level or visible signs of stress such as shaking hands. Two studies looked at techniques to actively reduce stress within the SBE activity; a mindfulness exercise before a task-based simulation and an introduction of a period of relaxation prior to debriefing. Faculty awareness of participant stress was measured objectively in only one study. SME design and equipment stressors were directly considered in two studies.There are limited dedicated studies addressing SBE-induced stress and how this can be modified; furthermore, a lack of research into faculty impact on stress hinders the opportunity to change. This was not a systematic literature review and so the findings are limited, but can help inform practitioners: (1) Repeated exposure and familiarity with SME reduce stress. (2) Designate roles that participants would be expected to undertake in real clinical scenarios. (3) Minimize distracting factors in the environment unless directly contributing to learning outcome. (4) Introducing a purposeful period of calm before debriefing may improve retention of learning outcomes.

Label GM-PHD Filter Based on Threshold Separation Clustering

Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filtering based on random finite set (RFS) is an effective method to deal with multi-target tracking (MTT). However, the traditional GM-PHD filter cannot form a continuous track in the tracking process, and it is easy to produce a large number of redundant invalid likelihood functions in a dense clutter environment, which reduces the computational efficiency and affects the update result of target probability hypothesis density, resulting in excessive tracking error. Therefore, based on the GM-PHD filter framework, the target state space is extended to a higher dimension. By adding a label set, each Gaussian component is assigned a label, and the label is merged in the pruning and merging step to increase the merging threshold to reduce the Gaussian component generated by dense clutter update, which reduces the computation in the next prediction and update. After pruning and merging, the Gaussian components are further clustered and optimized by threshold separation clustering, thus as to improve the tracking performance of the filter and finally realizing the accurate formation of multi-target tracks in a dense clutter environment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can form a continuous and reliable track in dense clutter environment and has good tracking performance and computational efficiency.

Simulation Environment for Development of Automated Process Control System in Coal Mining

This paper describes a visual interactive simulation system of technological processes intended for the development and execution of simulation and emulation models for automated process control systems in coal mining. A set of simulation models of various subsystems of a mine was developed with the help of this simulation system. These models united to create simulation environment. Simulation environment is visually interactive, include emulation models of technological equipment and allow simulating complex situations in mines and working faces. Simulation environment was used for testing of control programs executed in programmable logic controllers.

Smart Design of Portable Indoor Shading Device for Visual Comfort—A Case Study of a College Library

With the development of architectural technology, the use of floor-to-ceiling windows has emerged widely. The ensuing problem is that more and more students and office workers are suffering from direct sunlight while working in specific areas. Based on the pain points of the working process, this study designed a portable product for improving visual comfort through field research and environment simulation. It provided a new personalized design for blocking direct sunlight from the working area using a portable and liftable sunshade curtain, allowing the users to control the height and angle of the sunshade curtain through a mobile phone application. It can also adjust itself according to environmental parameters collected by sensors, so as to block sunlight in certain areas. A simulation based on the design features and the light environment of a library is run, proving the model effective in improving these aspects. The study aimed to provide solutions for indoor visual comfort and suggestions for future indoor household designs.

Used For Space Irradiation Environment Simulation Equipment Property Analysis of Metal Mirror

With the development of space science and technology, the requirements of spacecraft environment simulation tests are gradually increasing, and radiation environment simulation has also attracted much attention. Based on space radiation environment simulation equipment of vertical metal reflector material in the solar simulator performance analysis, the systematic analysis of the influence factors of metal reflector, aimed at straight metal mirror blank material performance analysis, including the mechanics analysis and optical analysis, the performance to the blank material for testing. The test results show that the aluminum alloy 6061T6 billet used in the metal mirror can meet the requirements of high irradiation vertical solar simulator, and lay a solid foundation for the subsequent solar irradiation simulation, space illumination simulation and spacecraft thermal environment simulation.