scholarly journals The relationship between serum uric acid within the normal range and β-cell function in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: differences by body mass index and gender

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhong ◽  
Deyuan Zhang ◽  
Lina Yang ◽  
Yijun Du ◽  
Tianrong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Background Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) has a positive correlation with insulin secretion and insulin resistance indexes. However, whether weight- and gender-specific differences regarding the relationship between SUA within the normal range and β-cell function and insulin resistance exist is unknown in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods A total of 380 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into two groups as overweight/obesity (n = 268) and normal weight (n = 112). Each group were again divided into low (LSUA) and high normal SUA (HSUA). The HbA1c, C-peptide, SUA, creatinine, and lipids profiles were measured. HOMA2IR and HOMA%2B were estimated using fasting glucose and C-peptide by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between SUA levels and islet function indexes. Results In overweight/obesity subgroup, the levels of body mass index, fasting C-peptide (FCP), P2hCP, fasting CPI (FCPI), postprandial CPI (PPCPI), ΔC-peptide, HOMA2%B, and HOMA2IR were higher in HSUA group than in LSUA group. In contrast, the HbA1c, FBS, and P2hBS were lower in HSUA than in LSUA. In normal weight subgroup, there were no differences between the HSUA than LSUA group in terms of clinical characteristics. Pearson’s correlations indicated that there were no significant correlations between SUA and insulin secretory capacity in normal weight group, but in overweight/obesity group, SUA had positive significant correlations with P2hCP, FCPI, PPCPI, ΔC-peptide, and HOMA2%B. In the female group, there were no significant correlations between SUA and insulin secretory capacity. However, in the male group, SUA had positive significant correlations with insulin secretory capacity include P2hCP, FCPI, PPCPI, ΔC-peptide, and HOMA2%B. Multiple linear regression showed that SUA was significantly associated with HOMA2%B, but not with HOMA2IR in overweight/obesity and male group. Conclusions Our study shows that SUA levels within normal range were associated with β-cell function in T2DM patients with overweight/obesity or male. This finding supports that the association between SUA within normal range and insulin secretion ability differs by weight and sex.

P-37 Usefulness of C-peptide value for estimating pancreatic β-cell function: Application to the assessment of insulin therapy for Type 2 diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. S68-S69
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hamasaki ◽  
Takao Taniguchi ◽  
Yo Aramaki ◽  
Motozumi Okamoto ◽  
Shunsuke Yamane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Shape of the OGTT glucose response curve: relationship with β-cell function and differences by sex, race, and BMI in adults with early type 2 diabetes treated with metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002264
Author(s):  
Kristina M Utzschneider ◽  
Naji Younes ◽  
Neda Rasouli ◽  
Joshua I Barzilay ◽  
Mary Ann Banerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Curve Shape ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Early Late

IntroductionThe shape of the glucose curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) reflects β-cell function in populations without diabetes but has not been as well studied in those with diabetes. A monophasic shape has been associated with higher risk of diabetes, while a biphasic pattern has been associated with lower risk. We sought to determine if phenotypic or metabolic characteristics were associated with glucose response curve shape in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone.Research design and methodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of 3108 metformin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes diagnosed <10 years who underwent 2-hour 75 g OGTT at baseline as part of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model of insulin sensitivity, HOMA2-S) and β-cell function (early, late, and total incremental insulin and C peptide responses adjusted for HOMA2-S) were calculated. Glucose curve shape was classified as monophasic, biphasic, or continuous rise.ResultsThe monophasic profile was the most common (67.8% monophasic, 5.5% biphasic, 26.7% continuous rise). The monophasic subgroup was younger, more likely male and white, and had higher body mass index (BMI), while the continuous rise subgroup was more likely female and African American/black. HOMA2-S and fasting glucose did not differ among the subgroups. The biphasic subgroup had the highest early, late, and total insulin and C peptide responses (all p<0.05 vs monophasic and continuous rise). Compared with the monophasic subgroup, the continuous rise subgroup had similar early insulin (p=0.3) and C peptide (p=0.6) responses but lower late insulin (p<0.001) and total insulin (p=0.008) and C peptide (p<0.001) responses.ConclusionsBased on the large multiethnic GRADE cohort, sex, race, age, and BMI were found to be important determinants of the shape of the glucose response curve. A pattern of a continuously rising glucose at 2 hours reflected reduced β-cell function and may portend increased glycemic failure rates.Trial registration numberNCT01794143.

β- Cell function in a sample of Iraqi Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Level ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
High Level

Back ground: Type 2 diabetes is mostly due to impaired β-cell mass and dysfunction which expressed by Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance. Aim of study: to evaluate β- cell function in newly diagnosed and ongoing diabetics. Method: Eighty-eight subjects enrolled in this study with age range (30-59) years, (20) healthy individuals as controls group with mean age (42.95±9.80) years. (68) Diabetic Patients was divided into two groups, (26) newly diagnosed diabetic, mean age (45.81±8.16) years and (42) ongoing diabetics, mean age (49.33±6.64) year. "Fasting glucose", "lipid profile", "glycosylated hemoglobin", "C-peptide levels" were evaluated. Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance "HOMA B %", "HOMA S %"and "HOMA IR" respectively were estimated by "Homeostasis Model Assessment" "HOMA2 calculator program". Results: "Insulin secretion" and "sensitivity" were found to be lower (P 0.001) in both groups of diabetes than that controls, while a high level of insulin resistance in both diabetic groups than controls (P>0.0001)."C-peptide" level is higher in "newly diagnosed" diabetics than" ongoing diabetics" and controls (p˂0.0001). Conclusion: Patients with low c- peptide level has poor insulin reserve and may need insulin while patients with high level of c- peptide have good insulin reserve and not need insulin to control his blood glucose.

scholarly journals Branched Chain Amino Acids Associate Negatively with Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Recent-Onset Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanislava Karusheva ◽  
Klaus Strassburger ◽  
Daniel F Markgraf ◽  
Oana-Patricia Zaharia ◽  
Kálmán Bódis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Context In addition to unfavourable effects on insulin sensitivity, elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) stimulate insulin secretion, which in the long-term could impair pancreatic β-cell function. Objective To investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between circulating BCAA and postprandial β-cell function in recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods The study included individuals with well-controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes (known diabetes duration &lt;12 months) and glucose tolerant humans (control) of similar age, sex and BMI (n=10/group) underwent mixed meal tolerance tests. Plasma BCAA levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, postprandial β-cell function was assessed from serum C-peptide levels and insulin sensitivity from PREDIM index (PREDIcted M-value). Results In type 1 diabetes, postprandial total BCAA, valine and leucine levels were 25%, 18% and 19% higher versus control, and total as well as individual postprandial BCAA related inversely to C-peptide levels. In type 2 diabetes, postprandial isoleucine was 16% higher versus the respective controls, while neither total nor individual BCAA correlated with C-peptide levels. Whole body insulin sensitivity was lower in both diabetes groups than in corresponding controls. In conclusion, insulin deficiency associates with sustained high BCAA concentrations which could contribute to exhausting the insulin secretory reserve in early type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Exploration of Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Resistance, Early Insulin Secretion and β-cell Function, and Their Relationship with Glycated Hemoglobin Level in Normal Weight Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4217-4223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

When discussing insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, data from literature focuses on obese and overweight patients. In our study on, 110 patients with normal body-mass index with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the help of glucose tolerance test, we explored insulin resistance, sensitivity, early insulin secretion and β-cell function assessed by using the following indexes: HOMA-IR, ISI, IGI and HOMA-β. We compared the results from our reference group with a control group of 109 overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Normal weight patients had a statistically significant lower HOMA-IR index than overweight patients (2.65 vs. 3.55, p<0.01), however in both groups HOMA-IR was above the cut-off value of 2.5. HOMA-β was statistically significant lower in normal weight patients than in overweight patients (55.08 vs 65.36, p<0.01). ISI index was in an inverse proportional relationship with HOMA-IR, statistically significant higher in normal weight individuals (5.97 vs.3.48, p<0.01). IGI index was not statistically significant lower in normal weight patients (3.63 vs.3.95, p=0.07). It is important to observe that although they have a normal BMI these patients are insulin-resistant confirming the hypothesis of metabolic obese normal weight patients that develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. The indexes that correlate with HbA1c in normal weight patients, predicting glucose status, are HOMA-β (negative correlation), ISI (positive correlation) and IGI index (negative correlation). Keywords: insulin, β-cell, glycated hemoglobin, type 2 diabetes mellitus

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