scholarly journals Three-dimensional facial development of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first year of life in comparison with normative average faces

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Brons ◽  
Jene W. Meulstee ◽  
Tom G.J. Loonen ◽  
Rania M. Nada ◽  
Mette A.R. Kuijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

Background Stereophotogrammetry can be used to study facial morphology in both healthy individuals as well as subjects with orofacial clefts because it shows good reliability, ability to capture images rapidly, archival capabilities, and high resolution, and does not require ionizing radiation. This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of infants born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with an age-matched normative 3D average face before and after primary closure of the lip and soft palate. Methods Thirty infants with a non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate participated in the study. Three-dimensional images were acquired at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. All subjects were treated according to the primary surgical protocol consisting of surgical closure of the lip and the soft palate at 6 months of age. Three-dimensional images of UCLP patients at 3, 6 (pre-treatment), 9, and 12 months of age were superimposed on normative datasets of average facial morphology using the children’s reference frame. Distance maps of the complete 3D facial surface and the nose, upper lip, chin, forehead, and cheek regions were developed. Results Assessments of the facial morphology of UCLP and control subjects by using color-distance maps showed large differences in the upper lip region at the location of the cleft defect and an asymmetry at the nostrils at 3 and 6 months of age. At 9 months of age, the labial symmetry was completely restored although the tip of the nose towards the unaffected side showed some remnant asymmetry. At 12 months of age, the symmetry of the nose improved, with only some remnant asymmetry noted on both sides of the nasal tip. At all ages, the mandibular and chin regions of the UCLP patients were 2.5–5 mm posterior to those in the average controls. Conclusion In patients with UCLP deviations from the normative average 3D facial morphology of age-matched control subjects existed for the upper lip, nose, and even the forehead before lip and soft palate closure was performed. Compared to the controls symmetry in the upper lip was restored, and the shape of the upper lip showed less variation after primary lip and soft palate closure. At this early age, retrusion of the soft-tissue mandible and chin, however, seems to be developing already.

Three-dimensional analyses of nasolabial forms and upper lip surface symmetry after primary lip repair in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namiko Kimura ◽  
Etsuro Nozoe ◽  
Takako Okawachi ◽  
Kiyohide Ishihata ◽  
Takao Fuchigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Lip

scholarly journals Rating nasolabial appearance on three-dimensional images in cleft lip and palate: a comparison with standard photographs

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Stebel ◽  
Dries Desmedt ◽  
Ewald Bronkhorst ◽  
Mette A Kuijpers ◽  
Piotr S. Fudalej
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

P-A Cephalometric Analysis of Nonoperated Adult Cleft Lip and Palate

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Motohashi ◽  
Takayuki Kuroda ◽  
Leopoldino Capelozza Filho ◽  
José Alberto De Souza Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
The Comparative Study

P-A cephalometric analysis was performed on the craniofacial morphology in 88 Brazilian men with nonoperated and operated cleft lip and palate. For the comparative study, these subjects were divided into the following four groups: (1) 31 nonoperated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), (2) 24 nonoperated bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), (3) 16 operated UCLP, (4) 17 operated BCLP. Thirty Brazilian men without cleft lip and palate were used as control subjects. In comparison with the control subjects, nonoperated BCLP and UCLP showed remarkable facial deformity characterized by Increased width of various facial parts. Facial morphology of surgically treated BCLP and UCLP, however, was very similar to that of noncleft subjects, apart from the Immediate cleft region. There was no remarkable difference in the facial morphology between nonoperated BCLP and UCLP, except for the cleft width and the deviation of nasal septum base, while the only significant difference between operated BCLP and UCLP was in the cleft width.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Assessment of Morphological Changes Following Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Staderini ◽  
Romeo Patini ◽  
Andrea Camodeca ◽  
Federica Guglielmi ◽  
Patrizia Gallenzi
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
Nasoalveolar Molding

The applications of computer-guided technologies for three-dimensional image analysis provide a unique opportunity to quantify the morphological dimensional changes of the face in a practical and convenient way. Symmetry of the nasolabial area is one of the main factors of facial attractiveness as well as being the main objective of the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP). Technological advances in computer-guided visualization modes and their applications to three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry provide more practical opportunities and alternatives for facial analysis. Each study, however, uses different protocols for the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images. In addition, each study identifies different anthropometric points and calculates linear and angular measurements with overlapping protocols. Therefore, it is appropriate to define a standardization of the three-dimensional analysis of CLP patients to compare the studies of different research centers. The aim of this report is to propose a protocol to standardize the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images to evaluate the three-dimensional changes in the nasolabial area in cleft lip and palate patients undergoing pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM).

Three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of facial morphology in adults with unilateral cleft lip and palate, and patients without clefts

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Adibah Othman ◽  
Roshahida Ahmad ◽  
Salina Mohd Asi ◽  
Nor Hidayah Ismail ◽  
Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Morphology

Digital Surface Photogrammetry for Anthropometric Analysis of the Cleft Infant Face

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krimmel ◽  
Susanne Kluba ◽  
Margit Bacher ◽  
Klaus Dietz ◽  
Siegmar Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Alar Base ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Base Width ◽  
Plaster Casts

Objective To analyze the three-dimensional morphology of the cleft infant face with digital surface photogrammetry. Design Fifty plaster casts of unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate were imaged three-dimensionally with digital surface photogrammetry. Twenty-one standard craniofacial measurements were taken. The plaster casts were divided into 4 groups with unilateral, bilateral, complete, and incomplete clefts of the lip and palate. The measurements were compared with standard values for healthy infants. Results Significant differences (p < .0025) were found for the alar base width (33% to 55%), the alar base root width (59% to 103%), the width of the nose (7% to 25%), the length of the alar wing (18% to 25%), and the intercanthal (6% to 17%) and biocular (4% to 12%) width, depending on the cleft type. The vertical dimensions of the nose and the upper lip did not differ significantly from the controls. Conclusion This study describes preliminary data on the cleft infant facial deformity. The obtained results were mainly in agreement with data in the limited literature. Three-dimensional photogrammetry has proven to be reliable and can be applied more readily to potentially uncooperative patients.

Infant Orthopedics and Facial Growth in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate until Six Years of Age (Dutchcleft)

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina A. M. Bongaarts ◽  
Birte Prahl-Andersen ◽  
Ewald M. Bronkhorst ◽  
C. Prahl ◽  
Edwin M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Palate Repair ◽  
Infant Orthopedics

Objective: To evaluate longitudinally the effect of infant orthopedics (IO) on dentofacial cephalometric variables in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients from 4 to 6 years of age. Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial in three cleft palate centers in The Netherlands (Dutchcleft trial). Patients: Fifty-four children with complete UCLP. Interventions: Patients were divided randomly into two groups. Half of the patients (IO+) had IO until surgical closure of the soft palate at the age of ±52 weeks; the other half (IO−) received no intervention. Mean Outcome Measures: Cephalometric values representing soft tissue, hard tissue, and dental structures, measured on lateral headfilms made at 4 and 6 years of age. Results: In the IO+ group, 21 patients were analyzed; in the IO− group, 20 patients were analyzed at age 4 and 22 at age 6. No differences were found between IO+ and IO−, except for two measurements: The interincisal angle was larger and the mentolabial angle was smaller in the IO+ group. Conclusions: For infants with UCLP whose surgical management included soft palate repair at 12 months and delayed hard palate closure, cephalometric outcomes at ages 4 and 6 provide no indication for the type of IO used in this study.

scholarly journals Lay People Esthetic Evaluation of Primary Surgical Repair on Three-Dimensional Images of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Staderini ◽  
Marilisa De Luca ◽  
Ettore Candida ◽  
Maria Ida Rizzo ◽  
Oriana Rajabtork Zadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
Assessment Bias

Background and Objectives: Previous literature has disclosed that facial attractiveness affects the esthetic evaluation of nose and lip deformity on frontal and lateral photographs. However, it has never been debated if the removal of the external facial features on three-dimensional (3D) models (“cropped assessment bias”) could provide a considerable usefulness in the interpretation and comparison of the results. Additionally, it has been assumed on two-dimensional (2D) studies that esthetic assessment biases with respect to observer gender, and it is not acknowledged if and to the extent that “gender assessment bias” may be influenced by a three-dimensional layout. The aim of this study is to investigate if facial traits and observers’ gender may affect the esthetic ratings of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients after soft tissue reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional images of ten UCLP patients’ images were acquired before the intervention (T0), one-month (T1) and six-months (T2) postoperative. Geomagic® software (version 2014; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) was used to remove the external facial features of 3D surface models. Five-point scale developed by Asher-McDade et al. was used to rate both nasolabial attractiveness and impairment for full-face (FF) and cropped-face (CF) 3D images. Forty-three judges (21 males, 22 females) were enrolled for the esthetic evaluation. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test intra- and inter-examiner reliability; a value of 0.7 was set as the minimum acceptable level of reliability. Results: When comparing the 2 sets of observations (FF and CF), the ICC ranged from 0.654 to 0.823. Concerning gender assessment bias, the ICC ranged from 0.438 to 0.686 and from 0.722 to 0.788 for males and females, respectively. Concerning inter-examiner reliability, ICC for questions 2–7 ranged from 0.448 to 0.644 and from 0.659 to 0.817 at T0 and T2, respectively. Conclusions: The removal of external facial features provides subtle differences on the esthetic assessment of UCLP patients. Moreover, based on our data, examiners’ gender differences may affect esthetic assessment of UCLP patients. Despite the subjectivity of esthetic judgments, a reliable, validated and reproducible scoring protocol should consider the influence of gender differences on 3D esthetic assessment of UCLP patients.

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