Comparative Assessment of Dental Arch Relationships Using Goslon Yardstick in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Using Dental Casts, Two-Dimensional Photos, and Three-Dimensional Images

Background and Purpose: The Goslon Yardstick is one of the most commonly used methods to assess dental arch relationships of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. This system was originally applied to dental casts. For reasons of economy and convenience, we aimed to determine whether intraoral photographs could substitute for dental casts for rating dental arch relationships. Methods: Records of 58 patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate from the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center, Taipei, Taiwan, were used in this study. A set of dental casts and digital intraoral photographs taken at around 9 years of age were available for all patients. An experienced examiner rated the dental casts using the Goslon Yardstick to provide the reference scores. The other three examiners rated the intraoral photographs and repeated the rating 1 week later to calculate inter- and intraexaminer reliability. The photographic scores for each examiner were then compared with the reference scores to determine the validity of the photographs. Results: The results showed no significant difference between the rating of dental casts and photographs using the Goslon Yardstick. Reliability was also high for rating on photographs. Conclusions: Intraoral photographs appear to be a viable alternative to the application of the Goslon Yardstick on dental casts.

Download Full-text

Rating nasolabial appearance on three-dimensional images in cleft lip and palate: a comparison with standard photographs

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjv024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Adam Stebel ◽

Dries Desmedt ◽

Ewald Bronkhorst ◽

Mette A Kuijpers ◽

Piotr S. Fudalej

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensional Images

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Palate in Patients with Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate at the Stage of Permanent Dentition

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/07-199.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 399-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zbyněk Šmahel ◽

Jana Velemínská ◽

Pavel Trefný ◽

Živa Müllerová

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Control Study ◽

Dental Casts

Objective: Three-dimensional analysis of palate size and shape in 30 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLPc) at the stage of permanent dentition. Design: Cross-sectional study based on laser scanning. Subjects: Thirty dental casts of boys approximately 15 years old with BCLPc and 28 dental casts of healthy boys of the same age. Interventions: Arched-lip suture with periosteoplasty and push-back of the palate with pharyngeal-flap surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Data on palate height in the 210 defined locations and on palate widths and profile area in 10 transverse sections. Results: The palate in patients with BCLPc was conical and narrower than in control study subjects, much more anteriorly than posteriorly. From the canines posteriorly, the palate was of almost constant height of 10 mm in the midline, being higher than in control study subjects at this location and lower more posteriorly (by 24% to 29% between molars). The area of transverse sections was reduced as compared with control study subjects from the first premolars posteriorly and reached more than 40% between molars. The length of the palate up to the first molars was not changed. Conclusion: BCLPc subjects exhibited narrow, low, and flat palate. Palate size and shape differences indicate a substantial reduction of the space for the tongue.

Download Full-text

Dental Arch Width Stability after Quadhelix and Edgewise Treatment in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/070506-272.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1067-1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Weiran Li ◽

Jiuxiang Lin

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dental Arch ◽

Arch Width ◽

Basal Bone ◽

Transverse Stability ◽

The Difference ◽

Dental Arch Width

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the transverse stability of the dental arch in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients after orthodontic treatment with quadhelix and edgewise appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty repaired complete UCLP patients with posterior crossbites were chosen as the study subjects. All had ceased retention at least 15 months previously. Measurements were carried out directly on the pretreatment, posttreatment, and postretention study models using a three-dimensional dental cast analyzer. The interdental widths were measured for the canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars, basal bone, and the alveolar arch. Two-way analysis of variance and Fisher's LSD was performed in comparing the difference between intervals. Results: Lower inter-first-premolar width and upper arch widths of each region increased significantly (P < .05) after orthodontic treatment. The expansion was greater in the anterior than the posterior region in the upper arch, and the greatest increase was in the upper first premolar region. The upper arch width decreased after retention, with the decrease of the arch width in the upper canine (1.3 ± 0.8 mm) and first premolar (1.5 ± 0.8 mm) regions being statistically significant. The increased upper arch width in each region and the lower inter-first-premolar width maintained significant expansion after retention. Conclusions: The widths of the dental arch increased significantly after expansion with a quadhelix followed by preadjusted edgewise treatment. Relapse occurred, especially in the upper canine and first premolar region, but most of the treatment effect on the upper arch remained after retention.

Download Full-text

Three-dimensional development of the upper dental arch in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients after early neonatal cheiloplasty

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Hoffmannova ◽

V. Moslerová ◽

J. Dupej ◽

J. Borský ◽

Š. Bejdová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dental Arch

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Palate in Subjects with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate at the Stage of Permanent Dentition

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/03-053.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 416-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Zbynek Šmahel ◽

Pavel Trefný ◽

Pavel Formánek ◽

Živa Müllerová ◽

Miroslav Peterka

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Posterior Direction ◽

The Difference ◽

Reduced Space ◽

Dental Casts

Objective Three-dimensional analysis of palate size and shape in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at the stage of permanent dentition. Subjects Thirty randomly selected dental casts of boys approximately 15 years old with complete UCLP and 28 dental casts of normal boys of the same age. Interventions All patients underwent lip repair according to Tennison with primary periosteoplasty (mean age 8.5 months) and palate repair by pushback and pharyngeal flap surgery (mean age 4.9 years). Main Outcome Measures Data on the palate height in 210 defined locations. Results The palate in patients with UCLP was narrower throughout its whole extent, more anteriorly than posteriorly. From the canines posteriorly, it was also lower, and the difference as compared with controls increased in a posterior direction up to the level of second premolars (up to 30%) and then slightly diminished (to 21% between the first molars). The reduction of area of transverse sections reached 45% between premolars and 39% between first molars. The palate in the anterior portion was highest on the cleft side and in a posterior direction the maximum height of the palate shifted toward the midline and even beyond that line toward the noncleft side. Palatal height did not depend on dentoalveolar arch width. Conclusion The smaller width and height of the palate confirm the substantially reduced space for the tongue in patients with UCLP. The reduction is only slightly larger than in previously examined patients with isolated cleft palate. Palatal vault is asymmetrical, highest anteriorly on the cleft side and posteriorly on the noncleft side.

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Morphological Changes Following Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Case Report

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7010027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Edoardo Staderini ◽

Romeo Patini ◽

Andrea Camodeca ◽

Federica Guglielmi ◽

Patrizia Gallenzi

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Changes ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Angular Measurements ◽

The Face ◽

Three Dimensional Images ◽

Nasoalveolar Molding

The applications of computer-guided technologies for three-dimensional image analysis provide a unique opportunity to quantify the morphological dimensional changes of the face in a practical and convenient way. Symmetry of the nasolabial area is one of the main factors of facial attractiveness as well as being the main objective of the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP). Technological advances in computer-guided visualization modes and their applications to three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry provide more practical opportunities and alternatives for facial analysis. Each study, however, uses different protocols for the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images. In addition, each study identifies different anthropometric points and calculates linear and angular measurements with overlapping protocols. Therefore, it is appropriate to define a standardization of the three-dimensional analysis of CLP patients to compare the studies of different research centers. The aim of this report is to propose a protocol to standardize the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images to evaluate the three-dimensional changes in the nasolabial area in cleft lip and palate patients undergoing pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM).

Download Full-text

Three-dimensional Digital Evaluation of Dental Arches in Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300161 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 297-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Viviane Mendes Fernandes ◽

Paula Karine Jorge ◽

Cleide Felício Carvalho Carrara ◽

Márcia Ribeiro Gomide ◽

Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Scanner ◽

Primary Surgery ◽

Digital Evaluation ◽

Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽

Scanned Images ◽

Intercanine Distance ◽

Dental Casts

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the dimensions of the dental arches on three-dimensional digital study models in children with and without cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery. The sample consisted of 223 digital models of children aged 3-9 months, divided into 5 groups: without craniofacial deformities, unilateral and bilateral incomplete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral and bilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Dental casts of the maxillary dental arches of the children were used. The dental casts underwent a process of scanning through 3D scanner and the measurements used for the correlation among groups were made on the scanned images. Statistical analysis was performed by t test and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The results showed that the intercanine distance and anterior cleft width was wider in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The intertuberosity distances and posterior cleft width was wider in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate among the groups. Children with cleft lip and palate before the primary surgery had wider maxillary arch dimensions than the children without cleft lip and palate.

Download Full-text

An Appraisal of Three Methods of Rating Facial Deformity in Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0530_aaotmo_2.0.co_2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 530-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I. Al-Omari ◽

D. T. Millett ◽

A. Ayoub ◽

M. Bock ◽

A. Ray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Assessment ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Facial Deformity ◽

Clinical Scores ◽

Full Face

Objectives To evaluate the reliability of clinical assessment, two-dimensional color transparencies and three-dimensional imaging for evaluating the residual facial deformity in patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare the ratings of facial deformity made by health care professionals with those made by lay assessors. Patients and Participant Thirty-one randomly selected subjects aged 10 to 30 years with repaired complete UCLP. Five professionals and five laypersons evaluated each subject's residual cleft-related facial deformity using clinical assessment, two-dimensional color transparencies, and three-dimensional images. Main Outcome Measures The facial deformity of the full face, lip, nose, and midface were scored using a 5-point ordinal scale on two occasions with a 1-month interval. Intra- and interexaminer agreements were calculated from weighted kappa statistics. Bootstrap permutation tests were used to detect any differences in agreement. Results Assessment of facial deformity showed good reproducibility across the three assessment media (κ = 0.42 to 0.83, SE 0.08). Clinical assessment among lay assessors, however, was poor to moderate (κ = 0.16 to 0.58, SE 0.07). For all assessors, there was no difference in the two nonclinical media relative to the standard clinical assessment for assessments of the full face (p = .377). For assessments of the lip or nose, transparency scores were in greater agreement with the clinical scores than were the three-dimensional assessment scores (p = .017 and .011, respectively). For rating the midface, the three-dimensional scores were in greater agreement with the clinical scores than were the color transparencies scores (p = .047). Conclusions In comparison with lay assessors, clinical assessment among professionals was more reproducible. This was not so for nonclinical media. The equivalence of using the color transparencies and three-dimensional media relative to the clinical assessment depends on the region of the face being considered.

Download Full-text