scholarly journals Acute net stress of young adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is not sufficient to increase anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Aponte ◽  
Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Acute Stressor

In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model to study the mechanisms of physiological and behavioral effects of stress, due to the similarity in neural structures and biochemical pathways between zebrafish and mammals. Previous research in this vertebrate animal model has demonstrated an increase in whole-body cortisol resulting from an acute (30-second) net handling stress, but it remains unclear whether such a stressor will concomitantly increase anxiety-like behavior. In addition, as the previous study examined the effects of this acute stressor in adult zebrafish after a brief period of isolation, it is unclear whether this stressor would be effective in eliciting cortisol increases in younger aged subjects without isolation. In the current study, young adult zebrafish (approximately 90 days post-fertilization) were briefly exposed to a net handling stressor and were subsequently subjected to either the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. The novel tank test was used to measure exploration and habituation in response to a novel environment, and the light/dark preference test was used to measure locomotor activity and scototaxis behavior. All subjects were sacrificed 15 minutes post-stressor and were analyzed for whole-body levels of cortisol. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of acute net handling on cortisol levels. Similarly, acute net handling did not significantly induce anxiety-like behavior during the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. Our findings demonstrate that there are possible developmental differences in response to an acute net handling stress, as we did not observe alterations in hormonal or behavioral measures of anxiety in young adult zebrafish. Alternatively, if zebrafish are not isolated before the stressor, they may be more resilient to a brief acute stressor. These results suggest the need for a different or more intense acute stressor in order further explore neuroendocrine mechanisms and anxiety-like behavior at this developmental stage in the zebrafish animal model.

Dioclea altissima seed lectin (DAL) prevents anxiety-like behavioral responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Involvement of GABAergic and 5-HT systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ronielly Campêlo Araújo ◽  
Adriana Rolim Campos ◽  
Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira ◽  
Sacha Aubrey Alves Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Marina de Barros Mamede Vidal Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Gabaergic Receptors ◽  
Tank Test

Background: Plant lectins has shown promising neuropharmacological activities in animal models. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of Dioclea altissima seed lectin (DAL) on adult zebrafish behavior. Method: Zebrafish (n=6/group) were treated (i.p.; 20 µL) with DAL (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL), vehicle or diazepam (DZP) and submitted to several tests (open field, light/dark preference or novel tank). Flumazenil, pizotifen or granisetron were administered 15 min before DAL (0.05 mg/mL), and the animals were evaluated on light/dark preference test. It was also verified whether the DAL effect depended on its structural integrity and ability to interact with carbohydrates. Results: DAL decreased the locomotor activity of adult zebrafish (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL), increased the time spent in the upper region of the aquarium (0.025 mg/mL), and decreased the latency time of adult zebrafish to enter the upper region on the novel tank test. DAL (0.05 mg/mL) also increased their permanence in the light zone of the light/dark preference test. The effect of DAL was dependent on carbohydrate interaction and protein structure integrity and was prevented by pizotifen, granizetron and flumazenil. Conclusion: DAL was found to have an anxiolytic-like effect mediated by the 5-HT and GABAergic receptors.

scholarly journals Chronic fluoxetine treatment of juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) does not elicit changes in basal cortisol levels and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Developmental Window

Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during development may elicit long-term neuroadaptive changes that could alter the basal regulation of stress-associated physiological and behavioral processes later in life. Currently, the effects of juvenile fluoxetine exposure in rodent models appear to be dependent on the developmental window targeted as well as the duration of drug exposure. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is rapidly becoming a useful tool in pharmacological research and can be used to help elucidate some of the long-term effects of fluoxetine exposure prior to sexual maturation on neuroendocrine and behavioral stress markers. In the current study, juvenile zebrafish were chronically exposed to fluoxetine hydrochloride (0 or 100 μg/L) for 14 days (31–44 days post-fertilization (dpf)), then were left untreated until young adulthood. Starting at 90 dpf, basal neuroendocrine stress and behavioral responses of zebrafish were assessed. Cortisol was extracted from the young adult zebrafish body (trunk) and quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in response to introduction to the novel tank test. It was expected that juvenile exposure to fluoxetine would (1) reduce basal cortisol levels and (2) elicit anxiolytic effects in the novel tank test in adulthood. However, fluoxetine exposure during the juvenile period was not associated with alterations in basal levels of cortisol nor were there any significant changes in anxiety-like behavior in the young adult zebrafish. Thus, in zebrafish, it does not appear that SSRI exposure during the juvenile period has a long-term adverse or maladaptive impact on the basal expression of cortisol and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Further studies are needed to determine if SSRI exposure during this developmental window influences neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute stress.

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, increases anxiety and cortisol levels in adult zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1449-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana CVV Giacomini ◽  
Barbara W Bueno ◽  
Leticia Marcon ◽  
Naiara Scolari ◽  
Rafael Genario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Background: A potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil is a cognitive enhancer clinically used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, its complete pharmacological profile beyond cognition remains unclear. The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming a powerful novel model organism in neuroscience and central nervous system drug screening. Aim: Here, we characterize the effects of 24-h donepezil administration on anxiety-like behavioral and endocrine responses in adult zebrafish. Methods: We evaluated zebrafish anxiety-like behaviors in the novel tank, the light-dark and the shoaling tests, paralleled by assessing brain acetylcholinesterase activity and whole-body cortisol levels. Results: Overall, donepezil dose-dependently decreased zebrafish locomotor activity in the novel tank test and reduced time in light in the light-dark test, likely representing hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. Donepezil predictably decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity, also increasing whole-body cortisol levels, thus further linking acetylcholinesterase inhibition to anxiety-like behavioral and endocrine responses. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings suggest negative modulation of zebrafish affective behavior by donepezil, support the key role of cholinergic mechanisms in behavioral regulation in zebrafish, and reinforce the growing utility of zebrafish models for studying complex behavioral processess and their neuroendocrine and neurochemical regulation.

scholarly journals NOS-2 Participates in the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Withdrawal in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suianny Nayara da Silva Chaves ◽  
Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa ◽  
Gabriela Cristini Vidal Gomes ◽  
Monica Lima-Maximino ◽  
Eduardo Pacheco Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Ethanol Abuse ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Nitric oxide has been implicated in symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in animal models. Zebrafish have been used as models to study neurobehavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not yet clear. Adult zebrafish were treated with 1% EtOH for 20 min per day for 8 days, injected with the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) inhibitor aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg), and allowed to experience withdrawal (WD) in their hometanks for 7 days. EtOH WD increased anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, an effect that was blocked by aminoguanidine. EtOH WD also increased brain levels of nitrite, an effect that was partially blocked by aminoguanidine. These results underline a novel mechanism by which NOS-2 controls anxiety-like responses to ethanol withdrawal, with implications for the mechanistic study of symptoms associated with chronic ethanol abuse.

Calocybe indicia extract modifies GABA and Serotonin levels to Alleviate anxiety in experimental adult Zebrafish models

2021 ◽  
pp. 4789-4794
Author(s):  
Sarah Andrea Wilson ◽  
Anushree Nagaraj ◽  
Lalitha Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model to study anxiety due to its physiological homology to humans. The pathophysiology of anxiety, even though still unclear, has been extensively studied in Zebrafish. Anxiety was induced by withdrawal after exposure to 0.5% ethanol, which proved to be anxiogenic, validated through the novel tank test. The light/dark test revealed that exposure to 0.5% ethanol had anxiolytic effects. The milky mushroom, Calocybe indica was used to treat anxiety since its anti-hypertensive effects have already been reported. Biochemical parameters such as GABA and MAO (A&B) were measured before and after treatment with different concentrations of C. indica and standard anxiolytic drug, Fluoxetine to compare and confirm the anxiolytic effect. The GABA content was found to be 119.9±1.99 mmoles/g tissue weight after treatment with 50 µg C. indica which was comparable to the normal group values (100±4.12). MAO (A&B) activity decreased which in turn increased serotonin levels with 25µg of C. indica. 25µg and 100µg concentration of the extract of C. indica was found to be optimum in reducing the level of anxiety.

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