scholarly journals Chronic fluoxetine treatment of juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) does not elicit changes in basal cortisol levels and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Developmental Window

Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during development may elicit long-term neuroadaptive changes that could alter the basal regulation of stress-associated physiological and behavioral processes later in life. Currently, the effects of juvenile fluoxetine exposure in rodent models appear to be dependent on the developmental window targeted as well as the duration of drug exposure. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model is rapidly becoming a useful tool in pharmacological research and can be used to help elucidate some of the long-term effects of fluoxetine exposure prior to sexual maturation on neuroendocrine and behavioral stress markers. In the current study, juvenile zebrafish were chronically exposed to fluoxetine hydrochloride (0 or 100 μg/L) for 14 days (31–44 days post-fertilization (dpf)), then were left untreated until young adulthood. Starting at 90 dpf, basal neuroendocrine stress and behavioral responses of zebrafish were assessed. Cortisol was extracted from the young adult zebrafish body (trunk) and quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in response to introduction to the novel tank test. It was expected that juvenile exposure to fluoxetine would (1) reduce basal cortisol levels and (2) elicit anxiolytic effects in the novel tank test in adulthood. However, fluoxetine exposure during the juvenile period was not associated with alterations in basal levels of cortisol nor were there any significant changes in anxiety-like behavior in the young adult zebrafish. Thus, in zebrafish, it does not appear that SSRI exposure during the juvenile period has a long-term adverse or maladaptive impact on the basal expression of cortisol and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Further studies are needed to determine if SSRI exposure during this developmental window influences neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to acute stress.

Dioclea altissima seed lectin (DAL) prevents anxiety-like behavioral responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Involvement of GABAergic and 5-HT systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ronielly Campêlo Araújo ◽  
Adriana Rolim Campos ◽  
Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira ◽  
Sacha Aubrey Alves Rodrigues Santos ◽  
Marina de Barros Mamede Vidal Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Gabaergic Receptors ◽  
Tank Test

Background: Plant lectins has shown promising neuropharmacological activities in animal models. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of Dioclea altissima seed lectin (DAL) on adult zebrafish behavior. Method: Zebrafish (n=6/group) were treated (i.p.; 20 µL) with DAL (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL), vehicle or diazepam (DZP) and submitted to several tests (open field, light/dark preference or novel tank). Flumazenil, pizotifen or granisetron were administered 15 min before DAL (0.05 mg/mL), and the animals were evaluated on light/dark preference test. It was also verified whether the DAL effect depended on its structural integrity and ability to interact with carbohydrates. Results: DAL decreased the locomotor activity of adult zebrafish (0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/mL), increased the time spent in the upper region of the aquarium (0.025 mg/mL), and decreased the latency time of adult zebrafish to enter the upper region on the novel tank test. DAL (0.05 mg/mL) also increased their permanence in the light zone of the light/dark preference test. The effect of DAL was dependent on carbohydrate interaction and protein structure integrity and was prevented by pizotifen, granizetron and flumazenil. Conclusion: DAL was found to have an anxiolytic-like effect mediated by the 5-HT and GABAergic receptors.

scholarly journals Acute net stress of young adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) is not sufficient to increase anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Aponte ◽  
Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Acute Stressor

In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model to study the mechanisms of physiological and behavioral effects of stress, due to the similarity in neural structures and biochemical pathways between zebrafish and mammals. Previous research in this vertebrate animal model has demonstrated an increase in whole-body cortisol resulting from an acute (30-second) net handling stress, but it remains unclear whether such a stressor will concomitantly increase anxiety-like behavior. In addition, as the previous study examined the effects of this acute stressor in adult zebrafish after a brief period of isolation, it is unclear whether this stressor would be effective in eliciting cortisol increases in younger aged subjects without isolation. In the current study, young adult zebrafish (approximately 90 days post-fertilization) were briefly exposed to a net handling stressor and were subsequently subjected to either the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. The novel tank test was used to measure exploration and habituation in response to a novel environment, and the light/dark preference test was used to measure locomotor activity and scototaxis behavior. All subjects were sacrificed 15 minutes post-stressor and were analyzed for whole-body levels of cortisol. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of acute net handling on cortisol levels. Similarly, acute net handling did not significantly induce anxiety-like behavior during the novel tank test or the light/dark preference test. Our findings demonstrate that there are possible developmental differences in response to an acute net handling stress, as we did not observe alterations in hormonal or behavioral measures of anxiety in young adult zebrafish. Alternatively, if zebrafish are not isolated before the stressor, they may be more resilient to a brief acute stressor. These results suggest the need for a different or more intense acute stressor in order further explore neuroendocrine mechanisms and anxiety-like behavior at this developmental stage in the zebrafish animal model.

scholarly journals Adult zebrafish anaesthesia: a study of efficacy and behavioural recovery of different anaesthetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jorge ◽  
Jorge M Ferreira ◽  
I Anna S Olsson ◽  
Ana M Valentim
Keyword(s):  
Fish Behaviour ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Equilibrium Response ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Fish Activity

AbstractThe use of proper anaesthesia in zebrafish research is essential to ensure fish welfare and data reliability. However, anaesthesia long-term side effects remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess anaesthesia quality and recovery in adult zebrafish using different anaesthetic protocols and to determine possible long-term effects on the fish activity and anxiety-like behaviours after anaesthesia.Mixed sex adult AB zebrafish were randomly assigned to 5 different groups (control, 175mg/L MS222, 45 mg/L clove oil, 2 mg/L etomidate and 5mg/L propofol combined with 150mg/L lidocaine) and placed in the respective anaesthetic bath. Time to lose the equilibrium, response to touch and to tail pinch stimuli, and recovery after anaesthesia administration were evaluated. In addition, after stopping anaesthesia, respiratory rate, activity and anxiety-like behaviours in the novel tank test were studied.Overall, all protocols proved to be adequate for zebrafish anaesthesia research as they showed full recovery at 1h, and only etomidate had minor effects on fish behaviour in the novel tank, a validated test for anxiety.

scholarly journals NOS-2 Participates in the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Withdrawal in Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suianny Nayara da Silva Chaves ◽  
Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa ◽  
Gabriela Cristini Vidal Gomes ◽  
Monica Lima-Maximino ◽  
Eduardo Pacheco Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Ethanol Abuse ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Nitric oxide has been implicated in symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in animal models. Zebrafish have been used as models to study neurobehavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not yet clear. Adult zebrafish were treated with 1% EtOH for 20 min per day for 8 days, injected with the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) inhibitor aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg), and allowed to experience withdrawal (WD) in their hometanks for 7 days. EtOH WD increased anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, an effect that was blocked by aminoguanidine. EtOH WD also increased brain levels of nitrite, an effect that was partially blocked by aminoguanidine. These results underline a novel mechanism by which NOS-2 controls anxiety-like responses to ethanol withdrawal, with implications for the mechanistic study of symptoms associated with chronic ethanol abuse.

Calocybe indicia extract modifies GABA and Serotonin levels to Alleviate anxiety in experimental adult Zebrafish models

2021 ◽  
pp. 4789-4794
Author(s):  
Sarah Andrea Wilson ◽  
Anushree Nagaraj ◽  
Lalitha Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model to study anxiety due to its physiological homology to humans. The pathophysiology of anxiety, even though still unclear, has been extensively studied in Zebrafish. Anxiety was induced by withdrawal after exposure to 0.5% ethanol, which proved to be anxiogenic, validated through the novel tank test. The light/dark test revealed that exposure to 0.5% ethanol had anxiolytic effects. The milky mushroom, Calocybe indica was used to treat anxiety since its anti-hypertensive effects have already been reported. Biochemical parameters such as GABA and MAO (A&B) were measured before and after treatment with different concentrations of C. indica and standard anxiolytic drug, Fluoxetine to compare and confirm the anxiolytic effect. The GABA content was found to be 119.9±1.99 mmoles/g tissue weight after treatment with 50 µg C. indica which was comparable to the normal group values (100±4.12). MAO (A&B) activity decreased which in turn increased serotonin levels with 25µg of C. indica. 25µg and 100µg concentration of the extract of C. indica was found to be optimum in reducing the level of anxiety.

scholarly journals The identification and characterization of zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Ma ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hui-feng Lin ◽  
Joseph Italiano ◽  
Robert I. Handin
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract HSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew and maintain hematopoiesis throughout the lifespan of an organism. The optical clarity of their embryos and the ease of genetic manipulation make the zebrafish (Danio rerio) an excellent model for studying hematopoiesis. Using flow cytometry, we identified 2 populations of CD41-GFP+ cells (GFPhi and GFPlo) in the whole kidney marrow of Tg(CD41:GFP) zebrafish. Past studies in humans and mice have shown that CD41 is transiently expressed in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors and is then silenced, reappearing in the platelet/thrombocyte lineage. We have transplanted flow-sorted GFPhi and GFPlo cells into irradiated adult zebrafish and assessed long-term hematopoietic engraftment. Transplantation of GFPhi cells did not reconstitute hematopoiesis. In contrast, we observed multilineage hematopoiesis up to 68 weeks after primary and secondary transplantation of GFPlo cells. We detected the CD41-GFP transgene in all major hematopoietic lineages and CD41-GFP+ cells in histologic sections of kidneys from transplant recipients. These studies show that CD41-GFPlo cells fulfill generally accepted criteria for HSCs. The identification of fluorescent zebrafish HSCs, coupled with our ability to transplant them into irradiated adult recipients, provide a valuable new tool to track HSC homing, proliferation, and differentiation into hematopoietic cells.

scholarly journals An NMDA-R mediated short-term memory resistant to anesthesia in adult Danio rerio

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Rajan ◽  
Joby Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Vertebrate Model

ABSTRACTMemory in animals is labile in the early phase post-training. Memory in the early phase has been shown to be disrupted by treatments such as electroconvulsive shock or cold-shock (Quinn and Dudai, 1976). Using hypothermic shock and other pharmacological interventions, the various underlying memory pathways in Drosophila can be identified as an immediate short-lasting anesthesia sensitive memory and a delayed anesthesia resistant memory which is followed by a more stable protein synthesis dependent long-term memory (Margulies et al., 2005). In another ectothermic animal, Danio rerio, a popular vertebrate model, we ask if such a memory component exists which is sensitive to hypothermic disruption. To test this, we developed a fear conditioning assay with a green light at the bottom of the tank as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus (US). We also standardized a cold anesthesia protocol in adult zebrafish to induce stage V anesthesia. The learning/memory was found to be NMDA-R mediated. Cold anesthesia as well as tricaine mediated anesthesia did not significantly affect the early-acting memory trace induced by a fear-conditioning protocol in adult zebrafish. We suggest future directions to tease out the underlying memory components in the early phase of memory in zebrafish.

Differential impact of shorter and longer periods of environmental enrichment on adult zebrafish exploratory activity (Danio rerio) in the novel tank paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 104278
Author(s):  
Thainá Garbino dos Santos ◽  
Ben Hur Marins Mussulini ◽  
Luca Araujo Frangipani ◽  
Diogo Losch de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Differential Impact

scholarly journals Indication of Electromagnetic Field Exposure via RBF-SVM Using Time-Series Features of Zebrafish Locomotion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4818
Author(s):  
Yaqing He ◽  
Kim Fung Tsang ◽  
Richard Yuen-Chong Kong ◽  
Yuk-Tak Chow
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Magnetic Exposure ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
The Impact

This paper introduces a novel model based on support vector machine with radial basis function kernel (RBF-SVM) using time-series features of zebrafish (Danio rerio) locomotion exposed to different electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to indicate the corresponding EMF exposure. A group of 14 adult zebrafish was randomly divided into two groups, 7 in each group; the fish of each group have the novel tank test under a sham or real magnetic exposure of 6.78 MHz and about 1 A/m. Their locomotion in the tests was videotaped to convert into the x, y coordinate time-series of the trajectories for reforming time-series matrices according to different time-series lengths. The time-series features of zebrafish locomotion were calculated by the comparative time-series analyzing framework highly comparative time-series analysis (HCTSA), and a limited number of the time-series features that were most relevant to the EMF exposure conditions were selected using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) algorithm for RBF-SVM classification training. Before this, ambient environmental parameters (AEPs) had little effect on the locomotion performance of zebrafish processed by the empirical method, which had been quantitatively verified by regression using another group of 14 adult zebrafish. The results have demonstrated that the purposed model is capable of accurately indicating different EMF exposures. All classification accuracies can be 100%, and the classification precision of several classifiers based on specific parameters and feature sets with specific dimensions can reach higher than 95%. The speculative reason for this result is that the specified EMF has affected the zebrafish neural aspect, which is then reflected in their behaviors. The outcomes of this study have provided a new indication model for EMF exposures and provided a reference for the investigation of the impact of EMF exposure.

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