A Note on Measuring Economic Returns to Philippine Public Higher Education: Private, Fiscal, and Social Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Avestruz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Returns

Abstract - Higher education in the Philippines today appears to have reached a stage of investment saturation. Enrollment expansion in the public sector has led to relative contraction in the private sector. Budget pressures in government funding have created low quality of education in many public institutions while fierce price competition among many private institutions has led to deterioration of quality of education. This paper addresses the concerns of public institutions in their efforts to obtain sufficient funding from the government and to assess the direction of their efforts so that they do not compete with private institutions but become leaders in their education communities. Methodologies for estimating private, fiscal, and social returns are developed. These methodologies are based on cost-benefit analysis tailored to conditions where public institutions operate. Results from these estimates could guide public institutions in directing their resources to those activities that generate the greatest social returns. Private and fiscal rates of return estimates, when performed on specific disciplines, will assist institutions in assessing their current role in the market and the direction towards which they should move. Policy makers may also find these methodologies useful in their decision on creation, expansion, or rationalization of public institutions. Keywords – cost-benefit analysis, economics of education, public expenditure analysis, education finance, and welfare economics.

PP017 Social Cost Benefit Analysis Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Alcohol And Cannabis Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Paul van Gils ◽  
Eelco Over ◽  
Anita Suijkerbuijk ◽  
Joran Lokkerbol ◽  
Ardine de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Addiction Care

INTRODUCTION:Due to their chronic nature and high prevalence, alcohol and cannabis addiction leads to a significant (disease) burden and high costs, both for those involved and for society. The latter includes effects on health care, quality of life, employment, criminality, education, social security, violence in the public and private domain, and traffic accidents. In the Netherlands, a considerable number of people with an alcohol or cannabis addiction currently do not receive addiction care. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective as a treatment for both alcohol and cannabis addiction and is widely used in specialized addiction care centers. This social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) models costs and benefits of increasing the uptake of CBT for persons with an alcohol addiction and for adolescents with a cannabis addiction, taking into account a wide range of social costs and effects (1).METHODS:The method follows general Dutch guidance for performing SCBA. A literature search was conducted to evaluate efficacy of CBT for alcohol and cannabis dependence. In addition, the social costs of alcohol and cannabis addiction for society were mapped, and the costs of enhancing the uptake of CBT were explored. Costs and benefits of increased uptake of CBT for different social domains were modeled for a ten year period, and compared with current (unchanged) uptake during this period. Compliance problems (about 50 percent of clients do not finish CBT) and fall-back to addiction behavior (decrease of effects of CBT over time) were taken into account in model estimations.RESULTS:Per client treated with CBT, the estimated benefits to society are EUR10,000-14,000 and EUR9,700-13,000, for alcohol and cannabis addiction, respectively. These benefits result from reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, higher productivity, fewer traffic accidents, and fewer criminal activities.CONCLUSIONS:This SCBA shows that not only treated clients but also society will benefit from an increase in people treated with CBT in specialized addiction care centers.

Tackling conservation/welfare conflicts in the management of wild animals

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethical Review Process

During the last century there were two distinct and profound changes in attitudes to animals. First, it became widely understood that human activities and anthropogenic changes to the environment present a serious threat to biological diversity. In response to this many programmes to protect habitat and to conserve species have been launched. Second, advances in various fields of science led to a strengthening belief in many societies that a wide range of animals may have the capacity for consciousness and thus suffering. This has led to growing concern for the welfare of animals - the quality of their lives - and to the development of extensive bodies of welfare legislation in many countries. Concerns for species conservation and concerns for individual animal welfare do not always pull in the same direction. Around the world, conflicts are becoming commonplace between those who believe it can be justifiable to compromise the interests of individual animals in order to prevent species extinctions and those who do not. Such conflicts may be addressed and hopefully avoided or minimized through use of an ethical review process in which conservation benefits and welfare costs are carefully identified, considered and weighed in a cost/benefit analysis. A second function of this review process is to ensure that, where the decision is taken to proceed with a conservation programme that may adversely affect the welfare of some individuals, all necessary steps are taken to minimize these threats and their possible impacts.

scholarly journals Representation through the eyes of the voter: a cost-benefit analysis of European integration

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197
Author(s):  
Gabriela Borz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
High Drive ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
The Eu

This article explains variation in the quality of representation in the context of European Parliament elections. Specifically, it clarifies how voters relate to political parties on the issue of European integration and whether they are represented, misrepresented, or indifferent to this issue. The analysis shows that perceived benefits of European integration do drive a perfect voter-party match while perceived costs, when high, drive a perfect match between Eurosceptic voters and likeminded parties and make voters less indifferent. The analysis draws attention to the high number ofstatus quovoters who, in the absence of a party with similar views, could channel their vote towards a party promoting integration, but only if their knowledge about the EU and its benefits increases.

scholarly journals Impacts of new and emerging assistive technologies for ageing and disabled housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bridge ◽  
Fredrick Zmudzki ◽  
Tracy Huang ◽  
Ceridwen Owen ◽  
Debbie Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Need For Support

This research looks at how smart home assistive technologies (AT) may be best used in both the aged care and disability sectors to reduce the need for support services. It includes an assessment of ease of use, quality-of-life and cost benefit analysis, and contributes to the development of policy options that could facilitate effective adoption of smart home AT in Australia.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Landscape Restoration: A Stocktake

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Priscilla Wainaina ◽  
Peter A. Minang ◽  
Eunice Gituku ◽  
Lalisa Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Direct Use

With the increase in demand for landscape restoration and the limited resources available, there is need for economic analysis of landscape restoration to help prioritize investment of the resources. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a commonly applied tool in the economic analysis of landscape restoration, yet its application seems limited and varied. We undertake a review of CBA applications to understand the breadth, depth, and gaps. Of the 2056 studies identified in literature search, only 31 met our predefined criteria. Three studies offered a global perspective, while more than half were conducted in Africa. Only six countries benefit from at least 2 CBA studies, including Brazil, Ethiopia, Kenya, Vietnam, South Africa, and Tanzania. About 60% focus on agroforestry, afforestation, reforestation, and assisted natural regeneration practices. Only 16% covered all cost categories, with opportunity costs being the least covered. Eighty-four percent apply direct use values, while only 16% captured the non-use values. Similarly, lack of reliable data due to predictions and assumptions involved in data generation influenced CBA results. The limited number of eligible studies and the weaknesses identified hereinabove suggest strong need for improvements in both the quantity and quality of CBA to better inform planning, policies, and investments in landscape restoration.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of a staff recreation centre project: build or lease? – A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Monica Singhania
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Centre

This case study aims at comprehensively assessing a decision by XYZ Ltd (name withheld due to confidentiality), New Delhi, on whether to build or to lease a recreation centre for its rank-and-file employees. Based on a cost–benefit analysis, we concluded that the centre should be built since the company would recover its investment within 11 years. Apart from the financial considerations, the recreation centre could be considered a long-term investment in employee morale, as it would lead to a better quality of life for the staff and their families, and is likely to enhance their sense of belonging and improve productivity. To date, what little space there is available for hosting family functions is reserved for the use of the officers, and only officers and their families are invited to most company functions. Thus, the other employees feel neglected by the management. Hiring a community centre external to the organisation for a function would involve spending a lot of money as the company is located in a prime real estate area where the cost of land and rentals is huge, and sometimes even availability is an issue. Most of the staff cannot afford such places and are generally under a lot of stress whenever they have a family function. This, in turn, tends to affect their productivity. 

Economic Analysis of Quality Innovation in Design and Manufacturing

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Vasseur ◽  
Thomas R. Kurfess ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Corporate Profits

Abstract Due to several possible production modes, an industrial output may have different quality levels. Production processes and quality assurance plans are chosen and adjusted, generally as a lagged reaction to customers’ input and competitors’ strategy. Different techniques based on cost benefit analysis have existed to assess beforehand the overall benefits to society of such decisions; however, these techniques do not necessarily provide any insight as to the resulting influence on corporate profits. This paper reviews different perspectives on industrial quality and adopts a formalism in which social and corporate optimum can be compared from an engineering standpoint. The potential benefits for a manufacturer to improve the quality of its products are studied under several market conditions. The incentive is the strongest in a competitive environment where the benefits of quality innovation are twofold: quality innovation increases consumers’ demand and allows the manufacturer to keep more substantial profit margins.

Societal cost-benefit analysis of electric vehicles in the Philippines with the inclusion of impacts to balance of payments

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 111492
Author(s):  
Neil Stephen Lopez ◽  
Lew Andrew Tria ◽  
Leo Allen Tayo ◽  
Rovinna Janel Cruzate ◽  
Carlos Oppus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Societal Cost ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Benefit Analysis
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