A Recent and Systematic Review on Water Extraction from the Atmosphere for Arid Zones

Water is essential for food security, industrial output, ecological sustainability, and a country’s socioeconomic progress. Water scarcity and environmental concerns have increased globally in recent years as a result of the ever-increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization, and poor water resource management. Even though there are sufficient water resources, their uneven circulation leads to shortages and the requirement for portable fresh water. More than two billion people live in water-stressed areas. Hence, the present study covers all of the research based on water extraction from atmospheric air, including theoretical and practical (different experimental methods) research. A comparison between different results is made. The calculated efficiency of the systems used to extract water from atmospheric air by simulating the governing equations is discussed. The effects of different limitations, which affect and enhance the collectors’ efficiency, are studied. This research article will be very useful to society and will support further research on the extraction of water in arid zones.

A Historical and Econometric Analysis of Energy Consumption and Industrial Output in Pakistan (1990-2019)

This paper examines the nexus of disaggregated energy consumption and industrial output in Pakistan. The annual time series data over the period 1990-2019 has been taken for current research. ARDL technique has been employed for empirical analysis. The results show that oil consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are positively and significantly connected with the industrial output in long run. Similarly, trade openness, labour and capital also have the same association with the industrial output and have significant outcomes in the long run. The results of Granger causality show that there exists a unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to industrial output. The study concludes that oil, gas and electricity are contributing a large share in industrial growth so that it would be made an effort to install the plants relevant with these energy sources to meet the affordable demand in the industry sector.

Institutional Quality and Industrial Growth: A Causality Analysis

The research study investigates the causal links between institutional quality and industrial output growth in Nigeria for the periods 1996:Q1-2018:Q4. Institutional quality was delineated into three i.e. economic institution (government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption), financial institution (contract intensive money, lending rate, and financial deepening), and political institution (voice and accountability, and political stability and absence of violence). The study computed the Granger causality test using both the VECM and the Toda and Yamamoto [1] and Dolado and Lutkepohl [2] (TYDL) augmented VAR procedure. The causality result in the short run showed that none of the institutional quality variables have a causal effect on industrial output growth but the feedback was reported. In the long run, a bi-causal relationship was reported from government effectiveness, control of corruption, financial deepening, and voice and accountability to industrial growth, whereas, a one-way directional relation was found running from industrial growth to regulatory quality and political stability & absence of violence. Thus, there is a need for the government to intensify efforts towards improving the extent people can challenge her power and authority because these play significant roles in the development level of Nigerian industries.

SUKUK AND ISLAMIC BANKING FINANCING : HOW THE IMPACT FOR REAL SECTOR ?

Indonesia continues to strive to develop Islamic finance especially its Islamic banking and sukuk to support the real sector. The growth of Islamic finance in Indonesia is expected to encourage the development of the national economy. This study aims to investigate the impact of Islamic banking financing and sukuk financing on Indonesia’s industrial output. Applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) framework to monthly data from January 2011 to December 2018, we find Islamic bank financing to contribute positively to the real sector in both the long and short term. In addition, we also document positive long run contribution of sukuk financing to industrial output . Indeed, over the long run, sukuk financing tends to have a greater real impact than Islamic banking financing. The results of the study implies that Islamic banking and sukuk play a vital role in supporting the real sector in Indonesia. Accordingly, recent initiatives by Indonesia to further develop its Islamic finance are steps in the right direction.

Global Industrial Development: Insights From the Distribution Dynamics Approach for the Post Covid Era

The spread of COVID-19 has significantly dampened global economic activity and has also wreaked havoc on the industrial sector. Understanding the disparity and convergence of global industrial outputs is important in assessing the effectiveness of concurrent development policies. This study investigates the spatial distribution of global industrial output to unveil the disparity in industrial development and the feasibility of achieving convergence over time. Stochastic kernel analyses are carried out for national regimes to study the overall pattern of industrialization for all the countries in the world. Countries are then classified into different groups to further analyse the geographical and income effects on industrial development. The results show that disparity between the Global North and the Global South will enlarge further in the future. Industrial development in the Global North will continue to prosper, while the industrial output in many countries in the Global South just cannot reach the global average.

Impact of Demonetization and Goods and Services Tax (GST) on India’s Economic Growth: A Critical Review

India’s economic growth has been affected by the sudden withdrawal of currency notes from the circulation and hasty implementation of GST (Goods and Services Tax) in the economy. Demonetization not only pull-down the economic growth but also paralyzing the informal sector and small-scale sector of the economy. The Industrial output cracked and services growth slowdown and eventually the economic growth start declining. Demonetization harm each area of the economy such as the real estate sector, health care industry, the wedding industry and travel industry. On the other hand, the implementation of GST is affecting every sector of the economy and its supply chain too. This paper tries to highlight the cost and benefits bear by the economy due to the twin strokes of Demonetization and implementation of the GST. The paper also tries to find out the expected rate of growth of the economy after the Demonetization and GST. Finally, the study tries to conclude that how it would be disrupted and benefits the economy in the long run.

Industrial Agglomeration and Carbon Neutrality in China: Lessons and Evidence

How does the agglomeration economy affect carbon emissions? Does it hinder China's zero-carbon emissions and carbon neutral goals? This study explored the impact of industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions and spatial spillover effects by expanding the output density theoretical model of Ciccone & Hall. The main findings are as follows: (1) Industrial labor and technology agglomerations increase regional carbon emissions, while industrial output agglomeration reduces emissions in the immediate term. Industrial capital agglomeration has no significant immediate effect on carbon emission. (2) Industrial output and technology agglomerations have significant lag effects. Output agglomeration increases carbon emissions, while technology agglomeration reduces emission levels. (3) The impact of industrial output agglomeration on regional carbon emissions shifts from a positive inhibitory effect into a negative aggravating effect. In comparison, industrial technology agglomeration transitions from increasing carbon emissions in the immediate term into having a suppressing effect in the long term. (4) There are significant regional differences in the impact of industrial output and capital agglomerations, while industrial labor and technology agglomerations showed no significant regional difference. The results are important in developing policies and strategies of the economy and the environment.

Energy Consumption and Bi-Sectoral Output in Pakistan: A Disaggregated Analysis

The objective of study is to check the vigorous impact of energy consumption on industrial and agricultural output with disaggregated analysis by having openness in both sectors and tube wells lone in agriculture sector as controlled variables. It is essential to analyze a connection between energy consumption and bi-sectoral output in Pakistan. Industrial and agricultural outputs have been taken as dependent variable, as they are mainly dependent on energy consumption. The data from 1999-2019 is employed for the analysis. The econometric technique autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) results are showing a strong bond between energy consumption and industrial output in disaggregated relationship. Electricity shows a negative relationship with industrial output because of developing countries power supply failure dilemma. Similarly, agriculture sector shows significance with energy consumption in disaggregated analysis. Openness of agriculture and gas consumption in agriculture shows a negative but statistically significant relationship. Capital and labor in both sectors are highly influencing regressors as par neo classical output theory, in our disaggregated energy consumption analysis. Error correction regression shows a strong short run and long run relationship of energy consumption with industrial and agricultural output. The stability diagnostic recursive estimates show the perfectly interlinked variables in both models. The present research is equally important for the academic and policy makers as it reveals a strong bond between energy consumption and bi-sector output in Pakistan. Potential measures on energy supply can increase industrial and agricultural output.

Industrial Sector output and Its Relationship with Government Expenditure, Credit, and Foreign Aid in Nepal

The study's goal is to look into the state, long-run relationship, and casual link of government spending, commercial bank lending, and foreign aid to Nepal's industrial sector output. The research design for this study is descriptive and analytical. The secondary data are processed using Excel and EViews10 software from 1989/90 to 2018/19. The Johnsen Co-integration test and Granger Causality test describe and analyze the relation and causal impact of variables. The credit of commercial banks highly influences industrial output. The industrial sector output, government expenditure, loans, and foreign aid were Co-integrated or had long-run association ship. This paper contributes to the policy debate on whether government expenditure and foreign support to the industrial sector are justified or not. The author is unaware of another study, finding, and location related to industrial output and its affecting factors like government expenditure, loans, and foreign aid.