Spore Associated Bacteria (SAB) of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Increase Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth Under Stress Conditions

Soil saltiness is a noteworthy issue as it results in loss of profitability and development of agrarian harvests and decline in soil health. Microorganisms associated with plants contribute to their growth promotion and salinity tolerance by employing a multitude of macromolecules and pathways. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have an immediate impact on improving profitability based on higher crop yield. Some PGPR produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase (EC 4.1.99.4), which controls ethylene production by diverting ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. ACC deaminase enhances germination rate and growth parameters of root and shoot in different harvests with and without salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show a symbiotic relationship with plants, which helps in efficient uptake of mineral nutrients and water by the plants and also provide protection to the plants against pathogens and various abiotic stresses. The dual inoculation of PGPR and AMF enhances nutrient uptake and productivity of several crops compared to a single inoculation in both normal and stressed environments. Positively interacting PGPR + AMF combination is an efficient and cost-effective recipe for improving plant tolerance against salinity stress, which can be an extremely useful approach for sustainable agriculture.

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EFFICIENCY OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND SOME SPECIES OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA TO CONTROL FUNGI Fusarium chlamydosporum CAUSING AGENT OF DECLINE DATE PALM OFF SHOOTS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48i2.418 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Matloob & et al.

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Date Palm ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Fusarium Chlamydosporum

The objective of this study was to evaluation the efficiency of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some species of Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to control Fusarium chlamydosporum fungus causing agent of decline date palm off-shoots. The isolation and identification results showed presence of F. chlamydosporum fungus from infected roots of infected palm trees and its major causing agent of diseases. The results appeared Pseudomonas fluorescens , Azotobacter chroococcum and Azosperillium sp. have high antagonism of pathogen under laboratory conditions. The evaluation results of biocontrol factors Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, Gigaspora, P. fluorescens, A. chroococcum and Azospirillum sp. indicated that all treatments caused significant reduction in disease severity of death palm off-shoots disease into13.3-60.0%. compared to control (pathogen only) 86.7%. The interaction between G. intraradices and P. flourescens caused significant reduction in disease severity to 13.3% and enhanced the growth of foliage and root of offshoots length to 39.0 and 36.3cm respectively and increased the fresh and dry weight of foliage and root, 1.7750, 0.4977, 1.764 and 0.339g this result was closed to Beltanol fungicide effect. Also all biocontrol agents which used in this study alone (without pathogen) enhancement of plant growth compared with control treatment. The results of the current study showed for the first time that Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum sp. Bactrium to control and have good inhibition of Fusarium chlamydosporum fungus causing agent of decline date palm off-shoots and increasing plant growth in Iraq.

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