Epithelioid Haemangioma of Bone: A Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review Reappraising the Diagnostic Classification of All Epithelioid Vascular Neoplasms of Bone

ObjectivesTo report the results of a combined case series analysis of subcutaneous levetiracetam (Keppra) for the management of seizures in palliative care patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature review on the use of subcutaneous levetiracetam was performed, and these data were combined with a prospective observational audit of its use in terminal care undertaken in a regional palliative care network.Results7 papers were identified from the literature review-four case reports and three observational case series-reporting on a total of 53 cases where subcutaneous levetiracetam was administered.We report 20 further cases of subcutaneous levetiracetam administration from a prospective observational audit. Doses ranged from 250mg to 4000 mg daily. Oral to subcutaneous conversion ratios where stated were 1:1. Levetiracetam was reported as the sole administered antiepileptic drug (AED) in eight cases, and no seizures were reported until death in five cases. Five were switched back to enteral levetiracetam. In seven cases, levetiracetam was combined with AEDs to provide seizure control at the end of life. There was one report of a sterile abscess after 25 days of continuous subcutaneous administration.ConclusionsCombined analysis of 73 reported cases of subcutaneous levetiracetam suggests this treatment may have a role in the management of seizures at the end of life. However, randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to establish the efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous levetiracetam administration. If proven to be safe and effective, subcutaneous levetiracetam offers the potential to prevent and treat seizures without causing unnecessary sedation at the end of life.

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Acquired Elastotic Hemangioma: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.1994 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Philip R Cohen ◽

Brian R Hinds

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Case Series ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review

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Burns associated with e-cigarette batteries: A case series and literature review

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (S2) ◽

pp. S20-S28 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jamie Harshman ◽

Miliana Vojvodic ◽

Alan D. Rogers

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Literature Review ◽

Acute Care ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Case Series ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Injury Patterns ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review ◽

Appropriate Treatment

AbstractElectronic cigarettes, often referred to ase-cigarettes, have established a considerable market in North America over the last decade. In parallel to this trend, there has been a surge of e-cigarette battery explosions reported in the general media. Given the growing number of such events, acute care physicians should recognize the associated risks and injury patterns and initiate appropriate treatment. This report presents two cases of burn injuries from e-cigarette battery explosions requiring surgical management. The accompanying comprehensive literature review highlights the emerging importance of e-cigarettes as an aetiology of burn injury.

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Orbit Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Proposed Risk Prediction Model Based on a Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review

Head and Neck Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12105-020-01184-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lester D. R. Thompson ◽

Sofia S. Liou ◽

Kenneth A. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Risk Prediction ◽

Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽

Case Series ◽

Risk Prediction Model ◽

Model Based ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review ◽

Fibrous Tumor

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Bartonella and Coxiella infections presenting as systemic vasculitis: case series and review of literature

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab691 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Beydon ◽

Christophe Rodriguez ◽

Alexandre Karras ◽

Alexandre Cez ◽

Cédric Rafat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systemic Vasculitis ◽

Case Series ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Bacterial Dna ◽

Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Objectives Coxiella and Bartonella sp. display particular tropism for endothelial or endocardial tissues and an abnormal host response to infections with induced autoimmunity. We aimed, through a case series combined with a comprehensive literature review, to outline characteristics of Coxiella and Bartonella infections presenting as systemic vasculitis. Methods We retrospectively included cases of definite Coxiella and Bartonella infections presenting with vasculitis features and performed a comprehensive literature review. Results Six cases of Bartonella infections were added to 18 cases from literature review. Causative pathogens were mainly B. henselae. Bartonella infection mimicked anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis in 83% with PR3-ANCA and presented as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in 8%. Glomerulonephritis was present in 92%, and 88% had endocarditis. Complement fractions were low in 82% and rheumatoid factor positive in 85%. Kidney biopsies showed cell proliferation, mostly crescentic, with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in 29%. Outcome was favorable, with the use of antibiotics alone in one third. Five cases of Coxiella infections were added to 16 from literature review. Sixteen had small-vessel vasculitides, mainly cryoglobulinemia vasculitis in 75%. One patient had polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis and four large-vessel vasculitis. Outcome was good except for one death. A highly sensitive next generation sequencing analysis on 3 Coxiella and 2 Bartonella-related vasculitides biopsies did not find any bacterial DNA. Conclusion Coxiella and Bartonella are both able to induce vasculitis but display distinct vasculitis features. Bartonella mimics PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis in the setting of endocarditis, whereas Coxiella may induce vasculitis involving all vessel sizes.

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Triggerless neuralgic otalgia: A case series and systematic literature review

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413477743 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 914-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jonathan H Smith ◽

Carrie E Robertson ◽

Ivan Garza ◽

F Michael Cutrer

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Symptom Onset ◽

International Headache Society ◽

Case Series ◽

Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽

Cranial Neuralgias ◽

Observational Cohort

Background Isolated neuralgic pain in the deep ear may arise from either nervus intermedius (NIN) or glossopharyngeal (GPN) neuralgias. Current International Headache Society (IHS) International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-2) criteria for these cranial neuralgias require the presence of a characteristic trigger. Aim The aim of this article is to report cases of triggerless neuralgic otalgia to better understand a subset of patients for whom there may be diagnostic uncertainty. Methods Methods included an observational cohort series and systematic literature review. Results We identified five female patients with a median age at symptom onset of 58 (range: 47 to 73). Our patients generally experienced an excellent clinical response to carbamazepine. Patients were contacted by telephone at a median follow-up duration of seven years (range: four to 32) from symptom onset, at which time carbamazepine-free remissions were reported by five of five (100%) of the patients. A systematic review of the literature on neuralgic otalgia led us to conclude that NIN was most common among young women (age < 50), and GPN across a wider range of ages of either gender. Among surgically validated cases reported in the literature, triggers were frequently absent in NIN, and variably noted in GPN. Conclusions We conclude that the presence of a trigger is not fundamental, and may be impractical, to the diagnosis of neuralgic otalgia, but remains important for specificity between NIN and GPN.

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Non-executive directors: Employees or independent contractors for both income tax and employees’ tax purposes?

Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences ◽

10.4102/jef.v6i2.267 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 401-420

Author(s):

Linda Van Schalkwyk ◽

Rudie Nel

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Executive Director ◽

Income Tax ◽

Common Law ◽

Executive Directors ◽

Independent Contractor ◽

Independent Contractors ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review

The concept ‘independent contractor’ is one of the more contentious concepts contained in the Fourth Schedule to the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962, as amended. The classification of a person rendering services as either an ‘employee’ or an ‘independent contractor’ is relevant for both income tax and employees’ tax purposes. The objective of this article is to determine whether non-executive directors (both resident and non-resident) are employees or independent contractors for both purposes, respectively. A comprehensive literature review was done in which the meaning of the concepts ‘non-executive director’ and ‘independent contractor’ was discussed in order to gather information needed for the classification. The statutory and common law tests were then applied to determine the classification of non-executive directors as independent contractors. The conclusion reached is that resident non-executive directors could qualify as ‘independent contractors’ for employees’ tax and income tax purposes. Non-resident non-executive directors of companies are ‘employees’ for employees’ tax purposes and ‘independent contractors’ for income tax purposes.

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