Cutaneous Vascular Neoplasms of Uncertain Biological Behavior

Neoplasms of uncertain biological behavior present physicians with a genuine conundrum in practice. Cutaneous vascular neoplasms within this category are exceedingly rare, possessing significant gaps and uncertainty in many facets of clinical practice. Firstly, lesions were selected for review based on their categorization as indeterminate behavior, indicating the potential for local recurrence and rarely metastasize. After identification of the target lesions, a comprehensive review of the literature using national databases produced several landmark studies and case series regarding these neoplasms. Limiting the review to only cutaneous limited tumors narrowed the pool of studies; however, quite a large sum of papers remained. Examination of each paper yielded beneficial results on diagnosing, effective treatments, follow-up findings, and prognosis for each indeterminate lesion discussed. Overall, the literature search combined the molecular, histologic, immunohistochemical, surgical strategies to develop an up-to-date and comprehensive framework to guide physicians when encountering such lesions. The tumors reviewed include: kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, endovascular papillary angioendothelioma, pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and composite hemangioendothelioma.

Large infantile haemangioma of the cheek: A case report

Infantile haemangiomas (IH) or Strawberry naevi as were previously called are common neoplasms of childhood. The tendency to spontaneously involute differentiates this tumour from other vascular neoplasms. Though many treatment modalities have been described with advances in understanding of tumour pathology, it has been consistently found that minimal intervention under watchful observation offers the best chance of getting the best result in the long term. Though parents are extremely nervous, seeing the grotesque nature of these tumours, patient, firm counselling and reassurance is all that is required in most cases for successful management.

Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation of Lip - A Case Report

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of lesions involving vascular channels including the lymphatics. They encompass a wide variety of lesions from simple capillary haemangiomas to angiosarcomas. These lesions most commonly occur as a result of developmental error during embryogenesis due to defective signal process.1 Most of these lesions occur sporadically while a few may be inherited or acquired. Inherited lesions tend to be small and multi-centric which gradually increase its size with age.2 The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies has broadly classified vascular anomalies into 2 groups: 1) Vascular neoplasms and 2) Vascular malformations.3 Vascular malformations are a relatively rare group of lesions involving the endothelium and surrounding tissue of arteries and veins resulting in an abnormal arteriovenous shunting. They are categorised into 4 types: 1) Venous malformation, 2) Capillary malformation, 3) Arteriovenous malformation and 4) Lymphatic malformation. They can occur anywhere in the body from head to toe, but they are most commonly seen in the brain. The most common extra-cranial site for AV malformations is the head and neck and other common sites include limbs, trunk and viscera.4 Here, we a present a rare case of congenital AV malformation of lip in a 49-year-old male.

Tubular laminectomy and percutaneous vertebroplasty for aggressive vertebral hemangioma

Background: Vertebral hemangiomas (VH) are the most common benign vascular neoplasms of the spine. Aggressive VH (AVH) may become symptomatic due to soft-tissue expansion/extraosseous extension into the paraspinal and/or epidural spaces. There are several options for treating painful AVH, including radiotherapy and/or open surgery. Case Description: A 59-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of intermittent back pain and progressive thoracic myelopathy in the past 2 months. MRI revealed a T9 level lesion, with high-intensity signal on both T1 and T2 images and an extraosseous component with significant cord compression. We performed minimally invasive tubular unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression of the thoracic spine at the T9 level, followed by bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty with biopsy. Postoperatively, the pain was immediately relieved, and the myelopathy improved. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a VH. Conclusion: Combining minimally invasive techniques consisting of tubular laminectomy and percutaneous vertebroplasty are safe and effective ways for treating AVHs.