Background:
The literature on the etiologies and complications of high-output heart failure (HOHF) is limited.
Objective:
To study the causes and complications related to HOHF in the United States (US).
Methods:
Data from the national readmissions database (NRD) sample that constitutes 49.1% of the stratified sample of all hospitals in the United States, representing more than 95% of the national population were analyzed for hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of HOHF for the years 2017-2018. Etiology associated with HOHF were extracted using ICD-10 codes.
Results:
A total of 2,107 index hospitalizations (mean age 62.2 ± 19.1) with primary diagnosis of HOHF were recorded in the NRD for the years 2017-2018. The most common causes of HOHF include sepsis 204 (9.7%), leukemia 53 (2.5%), arteriovenous fistula 13 (0.6%), liver cirrhosis 155 (7.4%), Hyperthyroidism 133 (6.3%), thalassemia 23 (1.14%), sickle cell disease 71 (3.35%), morbid obesity 188 (8.95%), COPD 406 (19.3%), myeloproliferative disorders 166 (7.87%). Among the HOHF group, major complications include acute ischemic stroke (42 or 2%), acute kidney injury (593 or 28.1%), hypertensive emergency (74 or 3.5%), atrial fibrillation (409 or 19.4%), ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (77 or 3.7%), and conduction block (81 or 3.8%) and ST-Elevation myocardial infarction (11 or 0.5%). A total of 83 (3.9%) patients had died during the inpatient hospitalization. Out of the remaining 2,024 patients, a significant portion (62 or 3.1%) required readmission within 30 days.
Conclusion:
HOHF is an under-reported cardiovascular complication associated with non-cardiovascular disorders. HOHF is associated with significant 30-day readmissions and mortality rates. Proper management of the underlying etiology can prevent the development of HOHF and associated complications.
Keywords:
cirrhosis; hemodynamics; obesity, leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, ST-Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Vein of Galen Malformation Manifesting as High-Output Heart Failure
