Scots in early twentieth-century British Columbia

Author(s):  
Michael E. Vance
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Jack Davy

“Idiot sticks” was a derogatory term used to describe miniature totem poles made as souvenirs for white tourists by the artists of the Kwakwaka'wakw people of British Columbia in the early twentieth century. Tracking the post-contact history of the Kwakwaka'wakw using a combination of historical accounts and interviews with contemporary Kwakwaka'wakw artists, this article explores the obscured subversive and satirical nature of these objects as a form of resistance to settler colonialism, and in doing so reconsiders who really could be considered the “idiot” in this exchange.


Author(s):  
Lillooet Nordlinger McDonnell

Hannah Director (1886-1970) is a noteworthy, but overlooked, figure in Jewish Canadian historiography. Her life and contributions encapsulate many of the challenges experienced by Canadian Jews throughout the early twentieth century. In 1917/1918 Director was elected chairman of the school board in Prince George, British Columbia. In doing so, she became the first Jewish woman elected to public office in Canada. By investigating the larger social circumstances within Canadian society this article will elucidate Hannah Director’s integration into the rural frontier and urban settings of BC during the early twentieth century.Hannah Director(1886-1970) est une figure remarquable, et pourtant peu connue, de l’historiographie juive canadienne. Sa vie et ses contributions illustrent parfaitement les nombreux défis auxquels ont été confrontés les Juifs canadiens au début du XXe siècle. En 1917/1918, Director est élue présidente de la commission scolaire de Prince George en Colombie Britannique. Elle est ainsi devenue la première femme juive à être élue à une charge publique au Canada. En s’intéressant au contexte plus large de la société canadienne, cet article jette un éclairage nouveau sur l’intégration d’Hannah Director dans les milieux ruraux et urbains de la Colombie Britannique du début du XXe siècle.


1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2383-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague ◽  
William H. Mathews

Tide Lake was the largest glacier-dammed lake in British Columbia before its demise in the early twentieth century. Situated in the northern Coast Mountains, the lake was impounded by Frank Mackie Glacier and its Neoglacial end moraine. A study of Tide Lake has provided information on styles of glaciolacustrine sedimentation and the chronology of the Neoglacial interval.Much of the sediment underlying the floor of Tide Lake was transported by subglacial and proglacial meltwater streams flowing from nearby glaciers. During the last phase of the lake, large subaqueous fans were built in front of Berendon and Frank Mackie glaciers, and deltas formed on the east side of the basin. Rhythmically bedded fine sediments, which cover much of the lake floor but are almost completely lacking on the slopes above, were deposited from underflows originating on deltas and subaqueous fans and by fallout from interflows and overflows.Three major and one minor lake phases are recognized from stratigraphic, geomorphic, radiocarbon, and dendrochronological data: the earliest phase is undated, but older than 3000 BP (1300 B.C.); the second phase has yielded radiocarbon ages of 2600–2700 BP (800–1000 B.C.); a third, minor phase, during which Tide Lake was restricted to the northern part of the basin, began before 1600 BP (A.D. 350–550) and probably ended a few hundred years later; the last phase may have begun as early as 1000 BP (A.D. 1000–1150), peaked in the seventeenth century, and ended in the early twentieth century. During each of the four phases, Tide Lake fluctuated in a complex fashion and at times was empty. The second phase corresponds to a widely recognized middle Neoglacial advance in western North America; the last phase is coincident with the Little Ice Age. Outburst floods from Tide Lake in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries devastated Bowser River valley as far downstream as Bowser Lake. The last of the floods occurred around A.D. 1930 when the Frank Mackie moraine was breached and the lake emptied for the last time.


2019 ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf

In non-technical language, the chapter explains why economists favor putting a price on pollution as the least expensive way to cut pollution to its socially optimal level. Using a pollution example from nineteenth-century British law made famous by the Chicago economist Ronald Coase, the chapter lays out the principles for good environmental policy and shows how a carbon tax fits with those principles. It introduces Arthur C. Pigou, an early twentieth-century economist who saw that a tax on pollution could use the power of the market to solve the pollution problem. It then demonstrates that carbon taxes in British Columbia and Sweden have not harmed their economies but have helped reduce carbon pollution.


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