Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fractures in the Elderly Managed with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation-The Functional Outcome

Introduction: Despite recent evolution in the operating techniques and surgical implants, debate continues around the choice of implant for the management of intertrochanteric fractures of femur bone. There is a paucity of clinical data on the results with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA). Aim: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of reduction and fixation of these fractures with PFNA. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted from december 2015 to november 2018. A total of 62 patients of more than 50 years of age with intertrochanteric fracture were managed with internal fixation using PFNA. All the pateints were evaluated with respect to the mean operative time, blood loss. Fluoroscopy exposure, time to union and development of any complication. The statistical analysis involved calculation of the mean and Standard Deviations (SD) of above parameters which was done using the Microsoft excel chart sheet. Functional evaluation was done using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: A total of 62 patients with age ranging from 54 to 94 years (mean 78.2, SD 09.11) were evaluated. The mean duration of follow-up was 14.3 months. The average operative time, the mean blood loss and the average fluoroscopy time were 61.4 (range 45-90 minutes, SD 11.6) minutes, 103.9 (range 60-200 mL, SD 36.4) mL and 74.0 (range 41 to 98, SD 13.5) seconds respectively. About 100% union rate with the average time to union being 16.1 (SD 3.3) weeks and ranging from 12 weeks to 24 weeks was reported. Varus collapse and limb shortening >1 cm were observed in 3 patients. The average HHS at the end of study showed a mean value of 82.8 (SD 8.6) and ranged from 65 to 94 with 46 (74.2%) patients having excellent to good outcome. Conclusion: Owing to easy insertion, reduced operative time and blood loss, stable fixation, less complications and good functional and radiological outcome, PFNA can prove to be an implant of choice for the management of intertrochantric fractures of the femur.

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Functional and Radiological Outcome of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture in Old Age Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation-2

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47653.14751 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

OP Jamshad ◽

Jacob Mathew ◽

Raju Karuppal

Keyword(s):

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Biological Reduction ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation

Introduction: Intertrochanteric fractures are prevalent in the elderly, which leave patients with functional restrictions. Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation-2 (PFNA) was developed to achieve better fixation strength, particularly in the presence of osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Aim: To evaluate the role and result of PFNA-2 in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in geriatric patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted in 35 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. They were followed-up clinically and radiologically for one year. The quality of fixation was assessed, by neck-shaft angle and Tip Apex Distance (TAD). A functional assessment was done with the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: The mean follow-up period was 13 months (range, 12-14). The mean age of patients was 65.6 years and the majority were female patients (62.85%). Functional results according to modified HHS were found to be excellent in 6 (17.1%) patients, good in 14 (40%) patients, fair in 12 (34.3%) patients and poor in 3 (8.6%) patients. The average HHS in this study was 81.6. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Conclusion: PFNA-2 helps in achieving biological reduction and good stability which enables early mobilisation and prevention of excessive collapse. A good functional outcome could be achieved when the radiological parameters are restored, i.e., TAD <25 mm and neck-shaft angle difference <5° (compared to the opposite side).

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Outcome of proximal femoral nail antirotation in peritrochanteric fractures: A prospective study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i8.36401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 125-129

Author(s):

Pratyenta Raj Onta ◽

Dilip C Agarwal ◽

Upendra Jung Thapa ◽

Pabin Thapa ◽

Krishna Wahegoankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Full Weight Bearing ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

The Mean ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: The incidence of peritrochanteric fractures are increasing worldwide. Early mobilization in these fractures prevents from other medical complications. There are many methods of treatment but the ideal method should be less invasive procedure, intramedullary device and stable fixation of fracture. Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) is biomechanically considered one of the most effective methods of treatment with promising results. Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes in patient who were treated with PFNA in peritrochanteric fracture. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study which included 37 patients, conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital from 1st October 2019 to 30th September 2020. All the patients were clinically evaluated and detail history was obtained. After the anaesthesia clearance the patients were operated. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss and complications were noted. Postoperatively the duration of hospital stay, time of partial and full weight bearing, time for radiological union and complications were noted. At the final follow up Harris Hip Score was used for functional outcome. Results: The mean age of the patient in this study was 64 years (45-88 years). The average time to complete the surgery was 62.49 minutes (45-75 minutes) and the average blood loss was 129.32 ml (65-210 ml). Partial weight bearing was started at the mean time of 8.57 weeks (6-12 weeks) whereas full weight bearing was done at the mean of 14.43 weeks (10-20 weeks). Fracture union was seen at the average of 11.41 weeks (8-18 weeks). The mean Harris Hip score at final follow up was 84.73 (65.8-95.0) with the functional status of 35.1% excellent result, 45.9% good, 13.5% fair and 5.4% poor. Conclusion: Proximal femoral nail antirotation in peritrochanteric fracture is a good method of fixation. The procedure is easy with reduced operative time and radiation exposure. Since this is minimally invasive procedure the blood loss is very less compared to DHS or plate fixation. The patient could be mobilized early from the bed that reduced the complication of immobilization. So we strongly recommend using PFNA for fixation of peritrochanteric fracture of hip.

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Proximal femoral nail antirotation II in fixation of intertrochanteric fractures: retrospective and prospective observational study

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20201733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 593

Author(s):

Arvind Kumar S. M. ◽

Arun Kumar B.

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

X Rays ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽

The Mean ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures occur mostly in elderly patients, and the outcome may be extremely poor if there is prolonged bed-rest. The best treatment for trochanteric fracture remains controversial. Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) II has excellent fit as the design is adapted to the anatomical situation of small statured patients also. It has a medial lateral angle of 5 degrees. It has several distal locking options viz static/dynamic. Objective of this study was to observe the operating time, blood loss and fracture union in intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA II from the data collected from patient’s case sheets and post-operative X-rays.Methods: 25 patients who were operated with PFNA II for unstable intertrochanteric fracture were selected using random selection and following parameters were noted from the records.Results: The mean age of the participants is 70.72±8.55 years with range from 52 years to 89 years. The mean duration was 1.98 hours ±0.66. The median duration was 2 with interquartile range from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Mean blood loss was estimated to be 390 ml±62.78. The median blood loss was 370 ml with interquartile range from 360 to 420 ml.Conclusions: The PFNA II is an ideal implant for unstable intertrochanteric fracture since stable intramedullary fixation can be achieved with almost 100% union in the studied population.

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Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractureswith Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation II: Our Experience in Indian Patients§

The Open Orthopaedics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874325001509010456 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 456-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G.N. Kiran Kumar ◽

Gaurav Sharma ◽

Kavin Khatri ◽

Kamran Farooque ◽

Devendra Lakhotia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operative Time ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Tip Apex Distance ◽

The Mean ◽

Postoperative Fracture ◽

Fracture Stability

Introduction:Unstable intertrochanteric fractures are difficult to manage and the choice of implant is critical for fracture fixation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of proximal femoral nail antirotationII (PFNA II) in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Materials and Methods:We reviewed 45 patients of unstable intertrochanteric fractures, who were treated with the PFNA II between 2011 and 2013. Of which, 3 patients were died within 6 months of follow up. Hence, 42 patients were available for the study including 26 men and 16 women. The mean age was 61 years (range, 35 -90). Clinical evaluation was done using Harris hip score. The position of the blade in the femoral head was evaluated using Cleveland zones and tip apex distance. The fracture reduction was assessed using the Garden Alignment Index and postoperative fracture gap (mm) measurement.Results:The mean follow up period was 15.3 months (range, 9-27). Excellent to good results were accounted for 78% of cases according to Harris hip score. No cases of cut out or breakage of the implant noted. Implant removal was done in 2 patients due to persistent anterior thigh pain.Conclusion:We recommend PFNA II for fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with less operative time and low complication rate. However, proper operative technique is important for achieving fracture stability and to avoid major complications.

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An outcome analysis of intertrochanteric fracture of femur managed with proximal femoral nail antirotation II

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20192687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 699

Author(s):

Hemeshwar Harshwardhan ◽

Shubhanshu Jain ◽

Manish Sharma

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Intramedullary Nailing ◽

Operative Time ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Time Duration ◽

Early Weight Bearing ◽

Pull Out ◽

The Mean

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are common osteoporotic fractures in adults above 60 years with high mortality and morbidity. Common techniques for fixation of these fractures are sliding hip screw and plate or intramedullary nailing. Intramedullary nailing has advantage of short incision, less operative time, rapid rehabilition & thus decreased medical complications. PFNA II is newer intramedullary implant developed to obtain better fixation strength in osteoporotic bones. Biomechanical studies has demonstrated that PFNA II blade has a significance of higher cut out resistance than other commonly used screw systems.Methods: Prospective follow up study carried out at J.L.N. Medical College Ajmer from 1 March 2017 to 31st October 2018. 30 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were included and operated on fracture table in supine position with PFNA2. We measured operative time, duration of hospital stay, modified Harris hip score and complications.Results: The mean age of the patients was 70.83 years of age. The mean time in surgery was 38.2 minutes. The mean amount of blood loss in surgery was 110.8 ml. In implant related complications, 2 patients had cut out and 1 patient had pull - out of the implant. Functional results according to modified Harris hip scores was found to be excellent in 8 (30%) patients, good in 12 (40%) patients, fair in 7 (20%) patients and poor in 3 (10%) patients.Conclusions: Elderly patients treated with PFNA2 has good outcome as less operative time, minimal blood loss, early weight bearing, less union time and very few cases of medial penetration and back out of spiral blade.

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Functional and radiological outcome of osteosynthesis using proximal femoral nail antirotation II system in intertrochanteric femoral fractures

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20210619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Wajahat Ahmad Mir ◽

Mohmad Nawaz Rather ◽

Rasiq Rashid

Keyword(s):

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Common Source ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

College Hospital ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are relatively common injuries in adults and a common source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Incidence of fractures is increasing because the general life expectancy of the population has increased significantly during the past few decades. Stable fixation and early mobilization is needed in these fractures to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Extra-medullary implants are biomechanically inferior in these cases. The proximal femoral nail antirotation-II (PFNA-II) is an intra-medullary nail system designed for such fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the results and complications of PFNA-II in intertrochanteric femur fractures.Methods: After seeking approval from institutional Ethical committee, this study was conducted on 30 patients attending our emergency department with intertrochanteric femur fractures at SKIMS Medical College Hospital Bemina, Srinagar from February 2018 to June 2019. The patients were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation-II. Follow up was done at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The functional outcome was assessed at 6 months follow up using the Harris Hip Score.Results: Based on the Harris hip score, 18 (60%) patients had excellent results, 10 (33%) had good results and 2 (7%) had Fair results. None of the patients had poor result. Average time to union was 12.27 weeks.Conclusions: This study found the PFNA-II to be a versatile, easy to use and dependable implant for stable as well as unstable intertrochanteric fractures. PFNA II is distinct advance over the previous methods of treatment, though it has an initial learning curve.

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Evaluation of clinical results and complications of internal fixation of intertrochanteric femur fracture with proximal femoral nail antirotation

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20190531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manish Raj ◽

S. P. S. Gill ◽

Akashdeep Singh ◽

Ajay Kumar Rajput ◽

Santosh Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Varus Deformity ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Femur Fractures ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the theoretical advantages of the proximal femoral nail antirotation in cases of intertrochanteric fractures and also whether it actually alters the eventual functional outcome of the patient.Methods: The present study includes a total 30 patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures managed with proximal femoral nail antirotation between December 2014 to November 2016. In all patients similar standard physical rehabilitation therapy were followed. All complications including intra and postoperative were assessed and recorded. The patients were followed up for over 24 months. Functional outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score.Results: All of 30 cases of intertrochanteric fracture got united with good anatomical position and average time of fracture union was 14 weeks. Postoperative complications included 2 degree varus deformity (n=1, 3%), calcification at tip of greater trochanter (n=4, 13%), sensitivity over TFL (n=2, 7%), medial thigh pain (n=3, 10%). 10 patients developed femoral shortness (mean=0.22 cm, range from 0-1 cm). Average harris hip score at the end of study showed mean value of 87, ranged from 65 to 94 with almost 22 (73%) patients showing excellent or good outcome.Conclusions: Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) represents a significant treatment option in management of intertrochanteric fractures with low complication rate.

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Hemiarthroplasty for the Management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients over 75 years old: a retrospective matched comparative study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20822/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juncheng Ge ◽

Jinhui Ma ◽

Bailiang Wang ◽

Yu Zhou ◽

Debo Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Average Length ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation ◽

Partial Weight

Abstract Background To compare and analyze the therapeutic effect of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation and hemiarthroplasty on intertrochanteric fracture. Methods 45 patients with intertrochanteric fractures (17 males and 28 females) admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were collected. The mean age was 84.82 ± 0.73 years. All injuries were caused by falls during daily activities. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method: the first group was the hemiarthroplasty group, referred to as the hemiarthroplasty group, with a total of 22 patients, and the average length of hospital stay was 13.09 ± 5.03 days. According to the improved Evans-Jensen classification [5], there were 1 cases of III, 9 cases of IV, and 12 cases of V12.The second group was the Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation group, and the average length of hospital stay was 13.09 ± 6.97 days. According to the Evans-Jensen classification, 1 patient was III, 16 patients were IV, and 6 patients were V. Results Intraoperative blood loss was higher in the The Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation group than in the hemiarthroplasty group(P=0.034).In the postoperative recovery of the two groups, the time from operation to partial weight-bearing of the hemiarthroplasty group was shorter than that of the PFNA group༈p༝0.000༉, and the postoperative HHS of the hemiarthroplasty group was also better than the latter (p ༝0.0005). In terms of total cost during hospitalization, the Hemiarthroplasty group was less than the PFN group(p ༝ 0.017). One year after surgery, the mortality rate increased to 34% in the PNFA group and 9% in the hemiarthroplasty group( P = 0.038), which was statistically significant. Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly can reduce intraoperative blood loss, achieve early recovery, improve survival rates, and reduce the economic burden on patients

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OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL IN MANAGEMENT OF UNSTABLE INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES

10.36106/ijsr/8522907 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Anshul Khare ◽

Shailandra Pandey ◽

Aman Agrahari ◽

Abhishek Pathak ◽

Sanjiv Gaur

Keyword(s):

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Outcome Analysis ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Average Hospital ◽

Incision Length ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

There is no perfect implant for intertrochanteric fractures. Nowadays Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) is getting popular in these fractures. In this study we tried to nd and analyse the outcome of using PFN in 20 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures which were operated at our centre and completed the follow up till 6 months. These patients were analysed on various intra-operative and post-operative parameters. Functional assessment was done using Harris Hip Score. The mean age of patients in our study was 64 years. Average incision length was around 6.5cm and mean blood loss was 97ml. Average surgery duration was 71 minutes while average hospital stay was 18.1 days. Mean time to union was 14.9 weeks. All cases have achieved union. Varus malalignment was observed in one case. Harris Hip Score showed excellent results in 60% cases and good results in 30% cases. Our study indicates that PFN is a good implant for xation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. However it superiority over other implants can only be conrmed with larger comparative studies.

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Treatment of stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures using proximal femoral nail and their functional assessment using modified Harris hip score

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20185340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Lakshya P. Rathore ◽

Lokesh Gupta ◽

Sanjay Thakur ◽

Sandeep Vaidya ◽

Devender Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽

Proximal Femoral Nail ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Functional Evaluation ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Good Reduction ◽

Non Union ◽

Femoral Nail ◽

Modified Harris Hip Score ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is common injury and is found in both elderly and the young. Proximal femoral nail (PFN) has been in widespread use for the same in the recent past. There are advocates both for and against this implant. The aim was to study the results of PFN in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures and their functional evaluation using the modified Harris hip score.Methods: A prospective study done on 104 patients operated for intertrochanteric fractures with PFN. Patients were followed up at 6 weekly intervals and evaluated at each visit using the modified Harris hip score (HHS).Results: The study consisted of 104 patients aged from 36 to 96 years with average age of 67.8 years. Most patients belonged to 60-80 years category. Malunion was observed in three patients (2.8%) and non union was not seen in any patient. Excellent to good results were seen in 73% patients 18% patients had a fair outcome, 7.7% had poor and 2% patients had very poor outcome.Conclusions: PFN is a good implant for intertrochanteric fracture treatment that demands a sound technique and a good reduction prior to insertion. The assessment of results using HHS has been too similar to those obtained using Kyle’s criteria in the previous studies, proving its role in the same.

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