The Contribution of Different α-Amylase Isoenzymes of the Commodity Grain Spring Wheat in the Formation of Falling Number Values

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

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Reduction of falling number in soft white spring wheat caused by an increased proportion of spherical B-type starch granules

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 284 ◽

pp. 140-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yijing Shao ◽

Min-Hui Tsai ◽

Yuezhen He ◽

Jianli Chen ◽

Cathy Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Falling Number ◽

Soft White Spring Wheat

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Association Mapping of Hagberg Falling Number in Hard White Spring Wheat

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2013.08.0551 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 1243-1252 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Junli Zhang ◽

Jianli Chen ◽

Brian C. Bowman ◽

Katherine O'Brien ◽

Juliet M. Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Mapping ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Falling Number ◽

Hagberg Falling Number

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McKenzie hard red spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-115 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 565-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. J. Graf ◽

P. Hucl ◽

B. R. Orshinsky ◽

K. K. Kartha

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Falling Number ◽

Common Bunt ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

Intermediate Resistance ◽

High Test ◽

Hagberg Falling Number

McKenzie hard red spring wheat is the first doubled haploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered in Canada. Evaluation in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration tests from 1994 to 1996 was relative to Neepawa, Katepwa, Roblin and AC M ajestic. McKenzie displayed high grain yield, early maturity, high test weight and high Hagberg falling number. It had resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust, leaf rust, and common bunt, and exhibited intermediate resistance to Fusarium head bligh t. McKenzie is well adapted to all areas of the Canadian prairies and eligible for all grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Key words:

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Influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and some baking quality characteristics of spring wheat

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71845 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 166-180

Author(s):

Paavo Elonen ◽

Sirkka-Liisa Rinne ◽

Hilkka Suomela

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Falling Number ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Baking Quality ◽

Additional Nitrogen

In the years 1967—70 twelve irrigation experiments of spring wheat were carried out in southern Finland (60-62° N, 22-26° E). Sprinkler irrigation (2 X 30 mm) increased the grain yields on an average by 1240±470kg/ha (from 2740 to 3980 kg) or 45±17 %. The increases in yield were significant on clay soils (9 trials) and loam (1 trial) but insignificant on fines and (1 trial) and mould (1 trial). Additional nitrogen fertilization (from 76 to 143kg/ha N) increased the grain yields on an average by 350± 200 kg/ha or 11±6 %. The ripening of wheat was significantly promoted by irrigation in one year but slightly retarded in three years. Nitrogen fertilization slightly retarded ripening every year The falling number of grains tended to be slightly improved by irrigation (from 285 to 321, on an average), but in most trials irrigation and nitrogen fertilization had no significant influence on the falling number. Irrigation decreased the crude protein content of grains in all trials, on an average by 2.2 ± 0.7 %-units (from 16.3 to 14.1%). This unfavourable effect was, however, avoided with additional nitrogen which increased the protein content by 1.9±0.4%-units (from 14,3 to 16.2 %). The effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on those characteristics of wheat that are correlated with protein, were similar to the effects on the protein content. Thus, irrigation decreased the zeleny value (from 64 to 53 ml), cold viscosity (from 214 to 114 seconds), water absorption (from 66.5 to 64.9 %) and the valorimeter value (from 68 to 60), while these characteristics were improved by nitrogen fertilization. Irrigation did not decrease the Pelshenke value but increased significantly the ratio of the Pelshenke value/protein content (from 5,1 to 6.1). This indicates that the quality of protein was improved by irrigation, while the effect of nitrogen fertilization was the reverse. In fact, irrigation and additional nitrogen fertilization affected the quantity and quality of protein and the baking quality characteristics of wheat in opposite directions but the quantity of grain yield in the same direction. With these two methods combined it was possible to produce 60 % higher grain yields without any noteworthy changes in the baking quality characteristics of spring wheat.

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Helios hard red spring wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps06002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 515-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. M. DePauw ◽

R. E. Knox ◽

F. R. Clarke ◽

J. M. Clarke ◽

M. R. Fernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Falling Number ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

Volume Weight ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Hagberg Falling Number

Helios hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has expressed high grain yield and medium time to maturity. The straw length and strength, volume weight, and seed size were intermediate to the check cultivars. It expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust and loose smut, intermediate resistance to common bunt and Fusarium head blight, and moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and leaf spots. It expressed resistance to pre-harvest sprouting and high Hagberg falling number. The end-use suitability of Helios was similar to that of the controls and, therefore, it is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, disease resistance, Hagberg falling number

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Alpha-Amylase Activity and Falling Number in Spring Wheat, Rye and Triticale during Ripening

Fourth International Symposium on Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Cereals ◽

10.1201/9780429038471-28 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 265-272

Author(s):

J. Mjaerum ◽

E. Mosleth ◽

K. Ringlund

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Falling Number

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Targets in the breeding of spring wheat

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72288 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 281-291

Author(s):

Tapio Juuti

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

The Other ◽

Falling Number ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Local Varieties ◽

High Protein Content ◽

Yielding Capacity ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Near Future

Growing conditions in Finland determine the earliness, protein content and reliability of the falling number as the targets for breeding spring wheat. It has not been possible to increase the earliness of spring wheat varieties from that of the local varieties cultivated before breeded varieties. On the other hand, breeding has improved the earliness to yielding capacity ratio successfully, and the ratio will be improved further in the near future. The declining trend of the average protein content in the spring wheat yields, which has caused problems in the last decade, now seems to have been corrected. The breeding material includes cultivars with a high protein content and a better ratio of protein content to yielding capacity than the varieties now cultivated. As far as the falling number is concerned, some upcoming cultivars are better adaptable to the Finnish growing conditions than the present varieties.

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EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON THE YIELD, QUALITY AND GRADE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-086 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 617-623

Author(s):

J. V. CHRISTENSEN ◽

W. G. LEGGE

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Test Weight ◽

Drying Method ◽

Falling Number ◽

Current Recommendation ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat

Two hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and Columbus, were harvested at 5% kernel moisture content (KMC) intervals from 45% to 15% for three growing seasons. Two drying treatments, field drying in windrows and oven drying were evaluated. Yield, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, protein-N, falling number and commercial grade were determined. Protein-N and 1000-kernel weight were reduced when the crop was harvested above 40% and 35% KMC, respectively, but were not affected by drying method. Yield losses up to 12% were recorded with windrowing. Windrowing at 35% KMC or less in warm, dry conditions had little effect on test weight, falling numbers, and grade. Under wet conditions, windrowing above 20% KMC resulted in lower falling numbers and a loss of grade. Direct combining and artificial drying above 20% KMC lowered test weights, falling numbers and grade. The current recommendation of windrowing at 35% KMC is supported under good harvest conditions but either windrowing or straight combining at 20% KMC would be superior under damp harvest conditions.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., kernel moisture content, drying method, falling number, quality, grade

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