Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Long-Term Follow-Up of Central Auditory Processing After Auditory Training

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of acoustically controlled auditory training in adults after tarumatic brain injury. Methods A total of six audioogically normal individuals aged between 20 and 37 years were studied. They suffered severe traumatic brain injury with diffuse axional lesion and underwent an acoustically controlled auditory training program approximately one year before. The results obtained in the behavioral and electrophysiological evaluation of auditory processing immediately after acoustically controlled auditory training were compared to reassessment findings, one year later. Results Quantitative analysis of auditory brainsteim response showed increased absolute latency of all waves and interpeak intervals, bilaterraly, when comparing both evaluations. Moreover, increased amplitude of all waves, and the wave V amplitude was statistically significant for the right ear, and wave III for the left ear. As to P3, decreased latency and increased amplitude were found for both ears in reassessment. The previous and current behavioral assessment showed similar results, except for the staggered spondaic words in the left ear and the amount of errors on the dichotic consonant-vowel test. Conclusion The acoustically controlled auditory training was effective in the long run, since better latency and amplitude results were observed in the electrophysiological evaluation, in addition to stability of behavioral measures after one-year training.

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Long term follow up of post acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a statistical analysis to test for stability and predictability of outcome

Brain Injury ◽

10.1080/026990597123223 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 677-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

M. J. ASHLEY, C. S. PERSEL, M. C. C

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Injury Rehabilitation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

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Improvement in gait parameters following late intervention in traumatic brain injury: a long-term follow-up report of a single case

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/026921559701100305 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 220-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

PB Butler ◽

SE Farmer ◽

RE Major

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Single Case ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Late Intervention ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Evaluation and Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures

Neurotrauma ◽

10.1093/med/9780190936259.003.0017 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 143-154

Author(s):

Geoffrey Peitz ◽

Mark A. Miller ◽

Gregory W. J. Hawryluk ◽

Ramesh Grandhi

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Frontal Sinus ◽

Operative Management ◽

Intracranial Extension ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Initial Injury ◽

Management Algorithms

Frontal sinus fractures are usually associated with traumatic brain injury and nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures. Much of the available evidence is retrospective, and management algorithms vary. In general, nondisplaced fractures without nasofrontal outflow tract (NFOT) obstruction may be managed with clinical and radiographic follow-up whereas fracture displacement, NFOT obstruction, and persistent CSF leaks are indications for operative management. The bicoronal incision and bifrontal craniotomy allow for proper access to the frontal sinus. If there is NFOT obstruction, the sinus should be cranialized or possibly obliterated if only the anterior table is fractured. The NFOT and sinus are packed with bone chips, fat, or muscle and then sealed with a pericardial graft, fascial graft, or synthetic dural substitute. Inadequate cranialization or obliteration can result in mucocele or mucopyocele, intracranial extension of which can lead to brain abscess or meningitis. Complications can occur years after the initial injury so long-term follow-up is necessary.

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Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury: long-term follow-up of a subgroup of patients from the NICE-SUGAR study

Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1007/s00134-015-3757-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1037-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Glucose Control ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Low prevalence of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury: a multicenter study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0365 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

N E Kokshoorn ◽

J W A Smit ◽

W A Nieuwlaat ◽

J Tiemensma ◽

P H Bisschop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Severe Trauma ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Pituitary Insufficiency ◽

Acth Stimulation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Term Follow Up

ObjectiveHypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered to be a prevalent condition. However, prevalence rates differ considerably among reported studies, due to differences in definitions, endocrine assessments of hypopituitarism, and confounding factors, such as timing of evaluation and the severity of the trauma.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of hypopituitarism in a large cohort of TBI patients after long-term follow-up using a standardized endocrine evaluation.Study designCross-sectional study.Patients and methodsWe included 112 patients with TBI, hospitalized for at least 3 days and duration of follow-up >1 year after TBI from five (neurosurgical) referral centers. Evaluation of pituitary function included fasting morning hormone measurements and insulin tolerance test (n=90) or, when contraindicated, ACTH stimulation and/or CRH stimulation tests and a GH releasing hormone–arginine test (n=22). Clinical evaluation included quality of life questionnaires.ResultsWe studied 112 patients (75 males), with median age 48 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 26.7±4.8 kg/m2. Mean duration of hospitalization was 11 (3–105), and 33% of the patients had a severe trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale <9) after TBI. The mean duration of follow-up was 4 (1–12) years.Hypopituitarism was diagnosed in 5.4% (6/112) of patients: severe GH deficiency (n=3), hypogonadism (n=1), adrenal insufficiency (n=2). Patients diagnosed with pituitary insufficiency had significantly higher BMI (P=0.002).ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of hypopituitarism during long-term follow-up after TBI was low. Prospective studies are urgently needed to find reliable predictive tools for the identification of patients with a significant pre-test likelihood for hypopituitarism after TBI.

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