Multiple Myeloma Involving Left Hemicranium

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of bone marrow affecting plasma cells. It is commonly seen as multiple punched-out lesions in the skull bone as a characteristic feature. Its presentation as hemicranial involvement with intracranial extension is rare. A 46-year-old male presented with left side scalp swelling, prominent over parietal region. X-ray showed multiple punched out lesions involving left hemicranium. CT and MRI brain showed intracranial extension of lesion without brain parenchyma invasion. He was treated with biopsy of lesion followed by chemotherapy.

Case Report: Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Related to COVID-19: A Case Series Exploring Risk Factors

There has been a surge of rhino-orbital mucormycosis cases in India in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely suggested that dysglycemia resulting from diabetes which is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and indiscriminate steroid use has resulted in this surge. We report a series of 13 cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients admitted to our center between mid-April and early June 2021. The cases showed a male preponderance, two patients had loss of vision, and four of them showed intracranial extension of disease. Twelve patients had received steroids and 12 had preexisting or newly diagnosed diabetes, both steroid use and diabetes being the most common identified risk factors. Considering other possible risk factors, immunosuppressed state, antiviral or ayurvedic (Indian traditional) medications, and oxygen therapy were not associated with a definite risk of mucormycosis, because they were not present uniformly in the patients. We propose that COVID-19 itself, through molecular mechanisms, predisposes to mucormycosis, with other factors such as dysglycemia or steroid use increasing the risk.

Atypical Presentation of a Midline Nasal Dermoid with Intracranial Extension

Although rarer than their lateral orbital counterparts, dermoid cysts are part of any differential diagnosis of a midline nasal mass in the pediatric population. Here we present a case of a nasal dermoid with intracranial extension that presented as a mass appearing at the nasal-cheek junction. This atypical presentation for a nasal dermoid highlights the need for clinicians to remain vigilant and consider midline dermoid cyst as a diagnosis despite an off-midline position on the face.

Toxocariasis affecting brain stem and skull base

Background Toxocariasis is a helminthic infection caused by a nematode that mainly affects populations in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Humans are potential paratenic hosts, and clinical disease occurs as a result of parasite migration through intestinal tissue. We present a clinical case of otorhinolaryngological affectation by Toxocara canis. Case presentation A 60-year-old male from Ecuador, resident in Spain for 5 years, evaluated in the emergency department for presenting headache, otorrhea and left ear pain. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reported a large mass of the nasopharynx with infiltration of the skull base, intracranial extension and a lesion in the left pons without being able to exclude metastases. Two Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) biopsies were negative for malignancy. Despite not meeting the diagnostic criteria established by the existing literature, the clinical and radiological presentation, the presence of risk factors, a positive serology for Toxocara canis (IgGELISA) and the absence of alternative diagnosis were considered sufficient criteria to establish toxocariasis with inflammatory lesions in the nasopharynx and pons as the most probable diagnosis. Treatment with albendazole (400 mg / 12 h) and corticosteroids (1 mg / kg for 5 days) was started and continued for one month. Post treatment negative serology, and MRI and CT post treatment controls were performed after one year, both showing a decrease in lesion of the clivus as well as the pons. Conclusions With the appropriate personal history, toxocariasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of infiltrating lesions of the skull base with a negative study of tumor histology. Albendazole treatment has been shown to control and cure the disease.

A Long-Term Follow-Up of Dental and Craniofacial Disturbances after Cancer Therapy in a Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma Patient: Case Report

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. A boy aged seven years and five months was diagnosed with stage three group III embryonal parameningeal RMS with intracranial extension. He received chemotherapy for 23 weeks in combination with localized radiotherapy during the inductive phase of nine weeks (a total tumor dose of 5040 cGy). Three months later, he was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry for radiation-induced caries, the treatment of which was later terminated because of severe trismus and radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis. Three years later, the patient returned for the fitting of a prosthesis because of mastication problems. The dental treatments performed included: extraction, banding, composite resin restorations, root canal fillings, and stainless steel crown fabrication. An interim denture was fitted due to the poor retention of the fixed prosthesis. As the patient grew older, they developed facial asymmetry as a result of the prominent atrophy of their right cheek. By the age of 32, they had lost multiple teeth and exhibited severe facial deformity. Therefore, it is essential not only to involve a multidisciplinary medical team before, during, and after cancer therapy, but also to initiate long-term follow-ups given the potential effects of late sequelae after chemoradiation in multiple developmental areas.

MUCORMYCOSIS UBIQUITOUS FUNGUS THRIVING IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED COVID PATIENT IN PATNA

OBJECTIVE. To study various predisposition for sudden upsurge in mucormycosis in second wave of COVID To study pattern of involvement and spread of disease and to correlate clinicoradiologically METHOD: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over 2months, involving all patients with mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses with history of corona virus infections and having postive KOH fungal staining on nasal biopsy. RESULT: 30 patients were studied.maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were most affected sinuses.eye involvement was seen in 83.3 percent cases while intracranial extension was seen in 13.3 percent.22 patients gives the history of steroid usage.comorbid condition Diabetes mellitus was being the most common. CONCLUSION:The association between coronavirus and mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses must be given utmost importance.uncontrolled Diabetes and overuse of steroids are main factors.

1161. Increasing incidence of Sinogenic Intracranial Infections in Utah Children 2004-2019

Background Intracranial extension of sinusitis is a rare complication. Non-specific presentations are a diagnostic challenge, and complications include long-term neurologic sequelae. Early recognition is critical, although optimal management remains poorly characterized. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 123 patients admitted to Primary Children’s Hospital between 2004-2019 with ICD9 and ICD10 codes for sinusitis and intracranial suppurative infection. Chart review confirmed cases in patients < 18 years with evidence of sinusitis and intracranial extension. Variables collected included: demographic data, clinical presentation, microbial profile, clinical management, and outcomes. Results We observed 84 pediatric sinogenic intracranial infections between 2004-2019. Incidence significantly increased over the interval. Median patient age was 12.8 years (IQR 10.5-14.7 years); most were male (n=52). The most common presenting symptoms were headache and fever. Most patients (n=80) required surgical management; 62 required neurosurgery. All but one patient survived. Most infections were polymicrobial (n=47). Streptococcus anginous group were most frequently identified (n=32). All patients were started on vancomycin empirically; only 10 required use for definitive management. Most patients were treated with a carbapenem (n=42) or ceftriaxone plus metronidazole (n=32). Average duration of antibiotics was 44 days (IQR 38-55 days). The most common complication was epilepsy (n=11). Patients with Streptococcus sp. infections were more likely to experience adverse outcomes (p= 0.04). We observed significantly decreased carbapenem use following introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship program in 2012, with no change in clinical outcomes. Annual incidence of Sinogenic Intracranial Infections Shown is the increasing incidence of sinogenic intracranial infections annually in the state of Utah/100,000 children. Conclusion Sinogenic intracranial infections are increasingly frequent severe pediatric infections with associated long term neurologic sequelae. Most patients require both surgical and long-term IV antibiotic treatment. Most infections are polymicrobial. Streptococcus sp. are commonly identified. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are rare. The combination ceftriaxone and metronidazole is appropriate for treatment of most infections. Disclosures Anne Bonkowsky, MD/PhD, BioFire Diagnostics (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, I have intellectual property through the University of Utah in BioFire Diagnostics and the FilmArray and receive royalties through the University of Utah.)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)

Abstract 1122‐000193: Intracranial Bleeding in a Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Stage IVb

Introduction : The trigeminocardiac reflex has been reported in craniofacial, neurosurgery, ophthalmological surgeries, and recently at endovascular procedures. Therefore, it has been called by other names also as trigeminal depressor reflex, reflex vagal trigeminal, or oculocardiac reflex. It is provoked by the stimulation of branches of the trigeminal nerve and presents cardiovascular alterations such as hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, which can lead to asystole. This reflex originates at the brainstem and occurs as a rare autonomic dysfunction triggered by the stimulation of baroreceptors. Some factors predispose the appearance of this type of reflex, such as hypercapnia, hypoxemia, superficial anesthetic depth, and acidosis, among others. During these procedures is recommended continuous monitoring of the ECG and PAM. It is always essential to know the patient and modify the risk factors, or even stop the stimulus notifying the surgeon, if there is no adequate response, anticholinergic therapy, such as atropine, and the use of vasopressors should be applied. Methods : We report a clinical case of an 18‐year‐old male with a history of 3 years of recurrent epistaxis diagnosed with a Juvenilenasopharyngeal angiofibroma stage IVB, who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography for surgical planning. Results : Angiography was performed under conscious sedation. When we placed the JB2 diagnostic catheter in the external carotid artery, the patient presented bradycardia of 40bpm. The catheter was removed, and the heart rate improved; we made a second attempt again with bradycardia, for which atropine was administered, and continued with the procedure without incident. We evaluated the vascular supply to the tumor and ruled out the involvement of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. An occlusion test was also performed, which was positive. No aneurysms were found during angiography. At the end of the angiography, the patient presented anisocoria and left hemiparesis, so due to the suspicion of a thromboembolic event, a new femoral approach was performed to assess the intracranial circulation we found adequate patency. A non‐contrast head CT was performed, a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the prepontine and the interpeduncular cistern was observed. Medications used for sedation were discontinued to assess his neurological status at that time with GCS of 12. 48 hrs later, the patient was neurologically intact and without sequelae. In the literature review, we did not find reports of intracranial hemorrhage as complications in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with intracranial extension or secondary to the presentation of the trigeminocardiac reflex. However, we suspected that it could result from a transient elevation of arterial hypertension due to the administration of anticholinergic therapy. Conclusions : Neuroanesthesiologists and endovascular surgeons must be aware of its manifestations and management to avoid complications due to the presentation of this reflex.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: a case report

<p class="abstract">Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a very rare malignant neoplasm of sinonasal tract with intermixed teratomatous, carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. While the diagnosis is largely based on tissue analysis and immunohistochemistry, the mode of management demands further study. Surgical resection with or without chemotherapy and radiation therapy is currently the most accepted treatment regimen. Locally aggressive, while also associated with metastatic lesions, SNTCS is not easily resectable owing to its location and possible intracranial extension. Due to its aggressive nature over one-third of TCS tend to recur leading to treatment failure with a mean survival time of 1.9 years. Possible differentials include squamous cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma, malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland type, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant craniopharyngioma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, transitional carcinoma of Schneiderian type and adenosquamous carcinoma. In this report, we present a case of TCS in a 55 years old male patient who presented to us with complaints of hyposmia, blurring of vision, diplopia and epiphora.</p>