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Diabetology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ehtasham Ahmad ◽  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
Tom Yates ◽  
David R. Webb ◽  
Melanie J. Davies

The focus in diabetes care has traditionally been around the optimisation of the glycaemic control and prevention of complications. However, the prevention of frailty and improvement in physical function have now emerged as new targets of diabetes management. This is mainly driven by the significant adverse impact that early onset frailty and decline in physical function have on health outcomes, functional independence, and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is an increasing emphasis in the expert consensus and management algorithms to improve physical function in people with T2D, predominantly through lifestyle interventions, including exercise and the control of modifiable risk factors. Trials of novel glucose-lowering therapies (GLTs) also now regularly assess the impact of these novel agents on measures of physical function within their secondary outcomes to understand the impact that these agents have on physical function. However, challenges remain as there is no consensus on the best method of assessing physical function in clinical practice, and the recognition of impaired physical function remains low. In this review, we present the burden of a reduced physical function in people with T2D, outline methods of assessment used in healthcare and research settings, and discuss strategies for improvement in physical function in people with T2D.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad H. Kivelevitch ◽  
Peter Khomchuk ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Trevor Roose ◽  
Gael Goron ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. MEDVEDEVA

The preservation of the historical, urban planning and architectural heritage of historical cities requires a special approach to the environment modernization. The modern period is characterized by the search for new safe waste management algorithms. It often leads to the construction of large-scale discordant objects. This process puts forward new requirements for the preservation of the visual protection zones of cultural heritage objects. The article is devoted to a promising strategy for optimizing of devastated territories. It includes the creation of overpass pedestrian links, which can be an additional source of landscaping, as well as open up new opportunities for the transit of engineering networks. The article analyzes the possibility of using such architectural and spatial solutions to modernize the waste management infrastructure of urban devastated.


Author(s):  
Amar D. Desai ◽  
Michael Lavelle ◽  
Brian C. Boursiquot ◽  
Elaine Wan

SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread across the globe and infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. As our experience with this virus continues to grow, our understanding of the both short and long-term complications of infection with SARS-CoV-2 continues to grow as well. Just as there is heterogeneity in the acute infectious phase, there is heterogeneity in the long-term complications seen following COVID-19 illness. The purpose of this review article is to present the current literature with regards to the epidemiology, pathophysiology and proposed management algorithms for the various long term sequalae that have been observed in each organ system following infection with SARS-CoV-2. We will also consider future directions, with regards to newer variants of the virus and their potential impact on the long-term complications observed.


This new edition of the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery is thoroughly revised with the latest guidelines, management algorithms, and guidance on decision-making. It features three new chapters, on day case surgery, remote and rural surgery, and emergency surgery. The book also offers surgically relevant anatomy and physiology, quick reference symbols, key diagrams, and a focus on evidence-based practice with key references throughout. It is thoroughly comprehensive, without sacrificing the clear, concise, and quick-reference style the Oxford Medical Handbooks are known for. Ultimately, the new edition provides an accessible pocket reference for surgical trainees, medical students, and all those involved in the care of the surgical patient.


AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamolov Sergei ◽  
Kriebitz Alexander ◽  
Eliseeva Polina ◽  
Aleksandrov Nikita

AbstractThe discourse on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated a plethora of different conventions, principles and guidelines outlining an ethical perspective on the use and research of AI. However, when it comes to breaking down general implications to specific use cases, existent frameworks have been remaining vague. The following paper aims to fill this gap by examining the ethical implications of the use of information analytical systems through a management approach for filtering the content in social media and preventing information thrusts with negative consequences for human beings and public administration. The ethical dimensions of AI technologies are revealed through deduction of general challenges of digital governance to applied level management technics.


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