scholarly journals A cross-cultural comparison of factors associated with marijuana use among college students in the United States and Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Litt ◽  
Henriettae Stahlbrandt ◽  
Claes Andersson ◽  
Mats Berglund ◽  
Cassidy R. LoParco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
The U.S

Aims: Marijuana is a popular drug among U.S. college students. In Sweden, the prevalence of marijuana use has been relatively low but is increasing. Brief, personalized interventions have been efficacious in reducing substance use, including marijuana, among college students in the U.S. However, prior to implementation of U.S. interventions in Sweden, it is important to compare factors associated with marijuana use among college students in the two countries. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data are from baseline assessments of two large college student intervention studies in the U.S. (N = 3,753, 39% male) and Sweden (N = 2,280, 35% male). Measures: Past 30-day prevalence and frequency of marijuana use was analyzed in regard to relevant demographic factors. The moderating role of nationality was also examined. Findings: Results support previous findings indicating marijuana use is more common in the U.S. than in Sweden. Most demographic factors were similar across the countries, except for relationship status and work status, in which associations with number of marijuana use days (but not odds of any marijuana use) were stronger for Swedish college students compared to U.S. college students. Conclusions: Based on overall similarities between the U.S. and Sweden, comparable interventions might be recommended in both countries. 

Government Employees’ Experience and Expectation of COVID-19 Hardships: The Moderating Role of Gender and Race in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110492
Author(s):  
JungHo Park ◽  
Yongjin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
The U.S

This article examines government employees’ experience and expectation of socioeconomic hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic—employment income loss, housing instability, and food insufficiency—by focusing on the role of gender and race. Employing the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative and near real-time pandemic data deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that government employees were less affected by the pandemic than non-government employees across socioeconomic hardships. However, female and racial minorities, when investigated within government employees, have a worse experience and expectation of pandemic hardships than men and non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings suggest a clear gender gap and racial disparities in the experience and expectation of pandemic hardships.

scholarly journals The Role of Academic Self-Confidence on Thriving among International College Students in the U.S. and Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-191
Author(s):  
Alexander Jones ◽  
Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
International Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
International College ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

Set in the context of four-year colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, this study examined how the level of thriving differs for international students and their domestic peers, how the level of thriving differs across various subgroups within international students, and how academic self-confidence is associated with the level of thriving for international students. Using data from the 2017 Thriving Quotient, this study found that international students were less likely to thrive during their college years than their domestic peers and that Asian international students were less likely to thrive than their international peers of other racial groups. Findings also suggested that academic self-confidence was significantly and positively related to international students’ thriving during their college years.

Factors Associated with Parent–Child Communication About HIV/AIDS in the United States and Kenya: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Poulsen ◽  
Kim S. Miller ◽  
Carol Lin ◽  
Amy Fasula ◽  
Hilde Vandenhoudt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Parent Child Communication ◽  
Hiv Aids ◽  
Parent Child

Sex Differences on the Embedded-Figures Test: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of College Students in India and in the United States

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1311-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Brown Parlee ◽  
Jayalakshmi Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Embedded Figures

Data are presented which show significant sex differences on the Embedded-figures Test for college students in the United States (24 men, 24 women) and in India (23 men, 24 women). Some considerations relevant to the interpretation of such data are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Individualism Increases the Influence of Perceived Competence of Older Adults on Attitudes Toward Them

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Amber Xuqian Chen ◽  
Helene Fung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Negative views of ageing can lower respect for older adults.Yet, negative views of ageing vary across cultures. Asian collectivistic cultures are assumed to respect older adults more than Western individualistic cultures do. However, recent empirical findings on this cross-cultural comparison have suggested that negative attitudes toward older people are also prevalent, or even more evident in collectivistic cultures than individualistic cultures. Using data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey, a dataset consisting of 75,650 individuals from 56 societies, we employed Linear Mixed Modeling to test the association between perceived competence of older adults and respect towards them. We also explored and the moderating role of culture on this association. In the present study, perceived competence of older adults was indexed as a proportional score representing the relative perception of competence (i.e. relative competence perception = competence / (competence + friendliness). Results showed that individuals tended to respect older adults who were more competent or friendly. Furthermore, individuals who were more individualistic respected older adults more when older adults were perceived to be more competent relative to friendly. This pattern was reversed in individuals who were less individualistic. These findings suggest that whether people who differ on personal individualistic values respect older adults depends on whether older adults are perceived to be competent versus friendly. Findings from this study highlight the importance of changing cultural values on ageism attitudes, especially the potential effects of rising individualism on negative attitudes of ageing in Asia.

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