OIL SPILL SPILL TRAINING AND EXERCISES – IS IT QUANTITY AND QUALITY?1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 963-964
Author(s):  
Lindsay Mead
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Good News ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Quality Systems ◽  
Local Management ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Fire Drill

ABSTRACT The good news it that the frequency of oil spills is reducing. Better preparedness and prevention measures, quality systems and the sheer threat of the political and economic damage that may rise have focussed attention on this area. We should not however allow ourselves to be complacent. A key component of preparedness is the training and exercising of contingency plans. Whilst the regime for the submission of contingency plans is generally well established, training and exercises are poorly regulated. Some countries regulate the frequency with which training must be carried out, but in most places it is haphazard and generally dependent on local management. In very few places is the currency of training considered as a factor in the competence of those trained. To draw a parallel, is a terminal fire drill limited to once every three years just because we do not have fires, and is the competence of staff assumed or measured in some manner? This paper will look at the issues behind training and exercises and propose that not only should the frequency be regulated but also question whether the quality, competence and currency of trainers be assessed. The author will also look at different training regimes around the globe to assess their relative merits as a template for others to follow.

UNNECESSARILY NEGLECTED IN PLANNING: ILLUSTRATION OF A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY HUMAN DIMENSION IMPACTS OF MARINE OIL SPILLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250012 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIENNE LORD ◽  
SETH TULER ◽  
THOMAS WEBLER ◽  
KIRSTIN DOW
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Negative Impacts

Technological hazards research, including that on oil spills and their aftermath, is giving greater attention to human dimension impacts resulting from events and response. While oil spill contingency planners recognize the importance of human dimension impacts, little systematic attention is given to them in contingency plans. We introduce an approach to identifying human dimensions impacts using concepts from hazard and vulnerability assessment and apply it to the Bouchard-120 oil spill in Buzzards Bay, MA. Our assessment covers the spill, emergency response, clean-up, damage assessment, and mid-term recovery. This approach, while still exploratory, did demonstrate that the spill produced a range of positive and negative impacts on people and institutions and that these were mediated by vulnerabilities. We suggest ways in which the framework may help spill managers to learn from events and improve contingency planning by anticipating risks to social systems and identifying strategies to reduce impacts.

Contingency Planning for Oil Spills: An Update Based on Experience Gained from the Port Angeles Spill

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Robert A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Contingency Plans

Although the best method for handling an oil spill is to prevent its occurrence, the risk of a significant oil spill, from either a tank or other vessel, is always present. When a spill does occur, a good spill contingency plan will help to limit the adverse effects of the spill. This paper discusses the contents and development of Spill Contingency Plans, with emphasis on experience gained during the cleanup of the Port Angeles spill. Information pertinent to and details from ARCO Marine Inc.'s Spill Contingency Plan have been included to aid interested parties in their endeavors to develop suitable contingency plans.

Oil Spill Prevention Measures for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Wellbaum
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Pump Stations ◽  
Design Construction

ABSTRACT Oil spills only occur after the start-up of a facility but oil spill prevention for a pipeline-terminal-tanker complex begins with route selection and continues through design, construction, personnel training, operation and maintenance. The trans-Alaska pipeline project has faced all of the usual, and some unusual, problems which needed solutions to give maximum assurance that oil spills would not occur during the operating life of the facilities. This conference today is considering the prevention of oil spill incidents associated with tanker and pipeline operations, refineries, and transfer and storage terminals. The trans-Alaska pipeline system is concerned with each of these functions of the petroleum industry. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company is responsible for design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the pipeline system which will move crude oil produced on the Alaskan North Slope along a route to Valdez, an ice free port located on an arm of Prince William Sound. At Valdez, the oil will be transferred to ocean going tankers. The project will have at its ultimate design capacity of two million barrels per day:Almost 800 miles of 48-inch pipeline.Twelve pump stations with 650,000 installed HP.Twenty-million barrels of crude oil storage in fifty-two tanks.Five loading berths at a deep water terminal servicing a fleet of tankers ranging in size from 30,000 dwt to 250,000 dwt.Eight crude oil topping plants, manufacturing fuel for pump stations, each with a charge of 10,000 barrels per day.A ballast water treating plant capable of handling up to 800,000 barrels per day of dirty ballast.A 25,000 KW power generation plant.Several dozen mechanical refrigeration plants which will be freezing the ground in Alaska.

PREVENTION AND ABATEMENT OF MARINE POLLUTION IN TUNISIAN COMMERCIAL PORTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Hazelton ◽  
Robert M. Sargent ◽  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Mohamed Anis Boussetta ◽  
Ahmed Ben Djebara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Private And Public

ABSTRACT In addition to having ports that ship and receive oil and other commercial products by sea, the Republic of Tunisia is exposed to potential spills from vessels that are routed close to shore as they transit the Mediterranean. This paper summarizes a study that was conducted to evaluate Tunisia's commercial ports' oil spill contingency plans, response equipment, and response management systems, for the purposes of increasing the spill response capability of the Tunisian Office of the Merchant Marine and Ports (OMMP) and bringing each plan up to criteria established by Tunisia's 1996 oil spill legislation and international standards. The four ports evaluated were Bizerte, Tunis-Goulette-Radès (TGR), Sfax, and Zarzis. Interviews and discussions were conducted with representatives of the OMMP, the Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPE), the Tunisian Petroleum Activities Enterprise (ETAP), the Tunisian Navy and Merchant Marine, the Directorate General of Energy, the state-owned oil transportation company (TRAPSA), and selected private sector oil companies. The equipment review entailed analysis of existing equipment in each port, potential spill size and location, time to respond, and environmentally sensitive areas needing protection. Specific recommendations were made for improving the readiness posture of Tunisia's commercial ports and for the purchase of additional spill-response equipment and services. Implementation of these recommendations will result in a significantly improved capability on the part of the private and public sector users of Tunisia's commercial ports to respond effectively to marine oil spills, should one occur. This paper highlights the readiness capability of each port and the extent of oil transportation activities, and provides recommendations to improve response via equipment purchases, improvement of the existing response management system, implementation of a training and exercise program, and changes to the port contingency plans.

scholarly journals Oil Spill Scenarios in the Kotor Bay: Results from High Resolution Numerical Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Zanier ◽  
Massimiliano Palma ◽  
Andrea Petronio ◽  
Federico Roman ◽  
Vincenzo Armenio
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Coupling Procedure ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Wind Flows

A major threat for marine and coastal environment comes from oil spill accidents. Such events have a great impact on both the ecosystem and on the economy, and the risk increases over time due to increasing ship traffic in many sensitive areas. In recent years, numerical simulation of oil spills has become an affordable tool for the analysis of the risk and for the preparation of contingency plans. However, in coastal areas, the complexity of the bathymetry and of the orography requires an adequate resolution of sea and wind flows. For this reason, we present, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first study on the subject adopting Large Eddy Simulations for both the low-atmosphere and sea dynamics in order to provide highly-resolved marine surface current and wind stress to the oil slick model, within a one-way coupling procedure. Such approach is applied to the relevant case of Kotor Bay (UNESCO heritage since 1979), in Montenegro, which is a semi-closed basin surrounded by mountains that is subject to an intense ship traffic for touristic purposes. Oil spill spots are tracked along ship paths, in two wind scenarios.

Contingency Planning: Implementation Is The Key

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Wayne Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT The two basic components of oil spill contingency planning are developing the plan and implementing the plan. An organization with an effective oil spill contingency plan will have considered both components. Armed with thick oil spill contingency plans, companies expect to be able to respond adequately to major oil spills. For several reasons, this expectation may be unrealistic. For example, the plans may incorporate inadequate appraisals of available response assets, they may have been developed merely to satisfy regulatory requirements, or they may fail to consider various spill scenarios. Plans based on unattainable or unrealistic expectations end up on the shelf collecting dust. Thus, one of the first things to consider in contingency planning is what the plan will be expected to do. Another factor in the effectiveness of a contingency plan is its format. Oil spill contingency plans that are comprehensive and easy to use are essential. It is useful to divide the plan into three major sections: response procedures, background information, and scenario development. The response procedures section should be relatively short and contain step-by-step procedures to be followed during a spill response. The background information section should contain the background information accumulated during the planning period. The scenario development section should contain the scenarios identified for various spill sizes. An excellent contingency plan is of limited value if it is not effectively implemented. Effective implementation requires that everyone in the response and planning organization know the company's ideas, policies, and strategies regarding oil spill response, understands his or her roles and responsibilities in preparing for and carrying out a response, and is committed to carrying out the program. Implementation is often difficult because it involves changing the organization's way of doing things. When the way an organization does business does not match a new program being implemented, leadership is required to match them, either by changing the way of doing business or by changing the program. Changing a new program could be as simple as making a decision. Changing the way an organization does business is a process and is usually very difficult, especially in a large, complex organization like an oil company.

OIL-SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR THE ALYESKA PIPELINE SYSTEM

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
James D. Sartor ◽  
W. Donald Couch ◽  
David S. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Pipeline Route ◽  
Comprehensive Plans ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Pipeline Design

ABSTRACT Alyeska Pipeline Service Company has aimed for zero oil spillage in the design of the Alyeska pipeline system. The extent of the technical studies and efforts to minimize environmental impact are unprecedented in the annals of pipeline design. Examples include special design and construction techniques in areas of permafrost, burial, and river crossings, and special designs to withstand earthquake effects and fault movements. In addition, all essential data related to leak detection will be monitored. Alyeska will also conduct regular aerial and ground patrols of the pipeline route. At the marine terminal at Port Valdez, Alyeska has identified sources of potential oil spills and has incorporated in the terminal's design facilities for reducing the probability of a spill and minimizing the effects of spillage should it occur. In view of the above considerations, the probability of a major oil spill seems remote. However, Alyeska recognizes the need to respond rapidly and effectively to a spill. Comprehensive oil-spill contengency plans are being prepared to ensure that immediate steps are taken to protect the environment, to contain and clean up any spill, and to restore any affected areas. These are probably the most thorough and comprehensive plans of this nature yet developed. If a spill occurs on land or water, these plans assign immediate what-to-do and how-to-do-it actions to designated individuals.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANS-BOUNDARY SPILL RESPONSE COOPERATION ACROSS WEST, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1650-1668
Author(s):  
Clément Chazot ◽  
Anton Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
West Central ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
High Level

IOSC 2017 Abstract: 2017-269 Abstract The picture today is one of intense oil and gas activity across West, Central and Southern Africa. This is illustrated by the significant increases in crude oil exports over the past fifteen years. This high level of activity has also coincided with, and contributed to, a large increase in the level of shipping in the region. Such level of oil exploration, production, and transportation, means that there exists a threat of oil spills occurring. In response to this risk, the Global Initiative for West, Central, and Southern Africa (GI WACAF) was launched in 2006, with the objective of raising standards of oil spill preparedness and response capability across the region. This paper will describe how the GI WACAF Project cooperates with local stakeholders in order to develop trans-boundary cooperation, and will detail what are the challenges lying ahead in order to make cross-border cooperation fully operational. The analysis of the trans-boundary exercises organised under the umbrella of the GI WACAF Project between Cameroon and Nigeria (2015) on the one hand, and between Gabon and Congo (2015) on the other hand, emphasises the needs in terms of international cooperation, improved communications, integration of response capabilities at the national and regional levels, and the development of effective incident management structures. This paper will show that significant steps have been taken to develop National Oil Spill Contingency Plans across the GI WACAF region and that advances in this area have meant countries are now looking beyond their borders and seeking to integrate national contingency plans with their closest neighbours. Information will be presented concerning the 2015 exercises, the key lessons learned and potential developments of trans-boundary cooperation in the future.

scholarly journals A Web-Based GIS Planning Framework For Urban Oil Spill Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Y. Han
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Planning Processes

The thesis is comprised of five chapters. Chapter 1 presents an introduction and identifies the spill issues and strategy gaps at the municipal level. The objectives and scope of this study are indicated in this chapter. Chapter 2 is the literature review of oil spill research and the role of GIS and its distributed form, Web-based GIS. In this chapter, focus is directed at the review of land-based oil spills and their characteristics, spill prevention measures, control technology, and response and cleanup. It also elaborates on spill related law and enforcement within the Canadian legal system. The applications of GIS and Web-based GIS in spill-related fields are reviewed in this chapter. Chapter 3 focuses on the information needs for the establishment of an oil spill planning framework. How GIS and Web-based GIS could facilitate planning processes. Chapter 4 discusses Web-based GIS architecture as refined for municipal spill management. Chapter 5 presents the case study which examines the planning framework based on a Web-based GIS architecture, and Chapter 6 highlights the conclusions of the study, suggestions and recommendations for urban oil spill management based on the research findings--From the Introduction.

scholarly journals CAUSES OF OIL SPILLS FROM SHIPS IN PORT

1971 ◽  
Vol 1971 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Captain W.H. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT This is a summary of causes of oil spills from ships in the ports of Los Angeles/Long Beach during the period 1962–1969. The data presented are a matter of record, and believed to be statistically sound. These data should be helpful to the Naval and Maritime communities as well as those concerned with oil spill contingency plans.

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