MODELING OF HOT OIL LEAKAGE AT REGENERATION GAS HEATER ON DEHYDRATION PROCESS OF NATURAL GAS LIQUIFIED EXTRACTION (NGLE) GAS PLANT

The regeneration process in saturated dehydrator after working to drying the gas in the dehydration unit in the Natural Gas Liquified Extraction (NGLE) plant. This process is through the heating dehydrator process by flowing the regeneration gas into the dehydrator slowly (rump up temperature) until it reaches the heating temperature,and then holding the condition. Its condition is in accordance with the engineering design and followed by a rump down temperature which the dehydrator will be cooled down and ready for the dehydration process. This regeneration process works automatically in accordance with the engineering design which runs following the logic control that has been implemented into the Distributed Control System (DCS) in the Control Room. All order in DCS to obtain gas that has been moisture limited value which is allowed to be extracted. Regeneration gas was taken from the heat exchange between hot oil and regeneration gas in the regeneration gas heater package. This operation happend when the rump up temperature leaks the hot oil in the flange fitting of the regeneration gas heater package, its causes oil spillage (engineering design standart operation procedur). Its analysis case assumed the leakage is caused by thermal shock in the fittings of regeneration gas heater package in 2 % hot oil supply. To eliminate the thermal shock, a simulation of new models engineering design is initial by opening of the hot oil supply to the regeneration gas heater was changes with increasing its opening during stand-by conditions from 2% with a temperature at 45.72°C to 5% with a temperature at 51.61C in the Distributed Control System (DCS) logic control. The results goals with this implementation are no more hot oil leaks occur in the regeneration gas heater package. New models engineering design is stopping hot oil spillage, and maintaining operational continuity without having to spend money on repairing the regeneration gas heater package. process run in new models of engineering design, and this model becomes the new standard operating in start-up and commissioning plant process.

Evaluation of the geoecological and fire situation in case of the oil spillage on the water surface

The work provides an assessment of the geoecological situation during an oil spill on the water surface. The modeling of the process of oil burning on the water surface is carried out, and also a model for estimating the oil burning time during depressurization of the underwater passage of the main oil pipeline is proposed. The assessment of individual and social risk in case of ignition of an oil spill as a result of depressurization of the underwater crossing of the main oil pipeline is given. The fire risk assessment was carried out under the condition of a guillotine rupture of the underwater pipeline, since, despite the lowest frequency of this type of depressurization, the levels of exposure to damaging factors, due to the largest volume of oil spills, will be maximum and will make the main contribution to the magnitude of the fire risk. When forecasting an emergency, a model of the spread of an oil slick along the water surface of a watercourse was developed, which takes into account the wind speed and the speed of the river flow.

Evaluation of the geoecological and fire situation in case of the oil spillage on the water surface

The work provides an assessment of the geoecological situation during an oil spill on the water surface. The modeling of the process of oil burning on the water surface is carried out, and also a model for estimating the oil burning time during depressurization of the underwater passage of the main oil pipeline is proposed. The assessment of individual and social risk in case of ignition of an oil spill as a result of depressurization of the underwater crossing of the main oil pipeline is given. The fire risk assessment was carried out under the condition of a guillotine rupture of the underwater pipeline, since, despite the lowest frequency of this type of depressurization, the levels of exposure to damaging factors, due to the largest volume of oil spills, will be maximum and will make the main contribution to the magnitude of the fire risk. When forecasting an emergency, a model of the spread of an oil slick along the water surface of a watercourse was developed, which takes into account the wind speed and the speed of the river flow.

Evaporation of Heavy Crude Oil in Soil

Heavy crude oil spillage on soil threatens productivity and affects the natural biota of the ecosystem. Evaporation is an important parameter increases crude oil density, viscosity and fraction of lower molecular weight substances which reduce its infiltration into the soil and groundwater. The evaporation of heavy crude oil showed API of 21.5, viscosity of 15mm2/s, density 0.8952 g/cm3, pour point of 11.37. The crude oil was exposed to solar radiation for 35 days. The percentage reduction in mass of the crude oil and temperature on five day interval showed 8.22(38OC) on day 0, on day 5 was 8.13(34oC), on day 10 was 5.92(39oC), on day 15 was 5.38(39oC), on day 20 was 3.16(37oC), on day 25 was 2.94(31oC), on day 20 was 2.56 (41oC) and on day 35 was 1.79(38oC). The lighter molecules evaporated first leaving the heavier molecules behind causing a reduction in the rate of evaporation with time. This analysis will be provide insight to modelling oil spill in terrestrial ecosystem.

Consequence of oil and Waste Spills on the Environment of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria

environmental degradation of the oil-rich niger delta region has been wanton and continuous with dire health, social and economic consequences for its peoples, for over three decades. Oil exploration and exploitation is very lucrative, and a major revenue earner in nigeria. But, like most industrial activities, it produces environmental hazards that are “slow poisons,” in that they often take months and years to cause disease and death. This is unlike the contamination of water, food, and the environment with micro-organisms, which immediately results in ill health. The covert and slow action of the hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation make it difficult to fully appreciate their contribution to the disease burden in nigeria, especially in the oil-bearing communities, even with the emergence of non-communicable diseases as major causes of ill health in nigeria. This paper addresses questions like: what challenges and impact will ogoniland face concerning spillage of oil and other wastes on its environment (water, vegetation, aquatic lifes, people and socio-economic lifes? Which are the spillage control measures to be adopted in ogoniland to obtain best production culture and consideration? It discusses the trend of oil spillage problem and possible antidote to it in the niger delta part of nigeria.

Consequence of oil and Waste Spills on the Environment of Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria

environmental degradation of the oil-rich niger delta region has been wanton and continuous with dire health, social and economic consequences for its peoples, for over three decades. Oil exploration and exploitation is very lucrative, and a major revenue earner in nigeria. But, like most industrial activities, it produces environmental hazards that are “slow poisons,” in that they often take months and years to cause disease and death. This is unlike the contamination of water, food, and the environment with micro-organisms, which immediately results in ill health. The covert and slow action of the hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation make it difficult to fully appreciate their contribution to the disease burden in nigeria, especially in the oil-bearing communities, even with the emergence of non-communicable diseases as major causes of ill health in nigeria. This paper addresses questions like: what challenges and impact will ogoniland face concerning spillage of oil and other wastes on its environment (water, vegetation, aquatic lifes, people and socio-economic lifes? Which are the spillage control measures to be adopted in ogoniland to obtain best production culture and consideration? It discusses the trend of oil spillage problem and possible antidote to it in the niger delta part of nigeria.

Assessment of Oil Spillage Impact on Vegetation in South-Western Niger Delta, Nigeria

The present study assesses the impact of oil spillage in the Southwestern Niger Delta of Nigeria over the past fifty (50) years. It further sought to find out the driving forces and implications of oil spillage on vegetation, livelihoods and other key parameters. The study employed geospatial techniques and a secondary source of data to achieve the objectives set out in this study. The Global Moran I statistical tool was used to determine the spatial autocorrelation based on feature locations and attribute values. We observed built-up areas, bare land, and less dense vegetation had an overall increment of 1975.98 km2, 1370 km2 and 23805 km2, respectively. Dense vegetation had declension of 22058.33 km2 over the past five decades. Findings depict a declining trend in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, attributed to oil spillage as the key contributory factor. Occasioned by anthropogenic activities, the driving forces were traced to attacks on oil pipelines during conflicts and illegal means of creating leakages to siphon crude oil for sale. To achieve sustainability in oil spill management in the Delta, the study recommends further research to ascertain the cost of losses incurred apply geospatial techniques to monitor and predict environmental changes that inform decisions of key actors.

A Review on pH, DO and BOD of the Sitalakhya River during Last Four Decades

As a developing country, industrialization is rapidly growing up in Bangladesh. Most of the cases, the industrialization process don’t considering any impact on environmental body. In this study, the impact of unplanned industrialization on the surface water is the main focus. In between several resources, the water quality of the Sitalakhya River is our study area. Quality of the Sitalakhya River water is getting polluted day by day through industrial effluents and household wastewater, lube oil and oil spillage around the operation of river ports. The Sitalakhya river water quality analysis is considered between 1975 to 2018, qualitative and quantitative results for pH, DO and BOD were analyzed and also trends of these parameters were also analyzed. Day by day river water quality going far away from EQS value, which is significantly harmful to flora fauna. In this circumstance, industrial effluent and other environmental impacts from unplanned industrialization is main goal of this study. This study shows, how unplanned industrialization can damage an environmental system which is very harmful to our entire ecological cycle. If cannot control this unplanned industrialization, water body will damage and all related ecosystem will be effected.