Development of the Cold Weather Training Courses

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017265
Author(s):  
Kate Fraser-Smith ◽  
Andrew Nevin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Response Network ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Extreme Cold

With the increasing interest to drill in extreme cold environments and the existing drilling and production of oil in extreme cold weather locations, the extent of cold regions operations are expected to increase. OSRL tasked its Cold Weather Working Group to assess and build on its capability to maintain a suitable level of competence to deliver the response services required by its members. The subsequent action was the design and delivery of a five day cold weather Standard Course and Continuation Course to OSRL staff, Global Response Network (GRN) members and industry. The courses were designed using the cold weather knowledge and experience that OSRL staff gained through their secondments in Sakhalin, Kazakhstan and Alaska. GRN members, in particular Eastern Canada Response Centre (ECRC) and Alaska Clean Seas (ACS), were also instrumental in the design and delivery of the courses. The paper will seek to present how knowledge collaboration and impartation has been integrated throughout the full training cycle which includes the preparation phase of the courses, the delivery phase in Canada with the delegates from GRN members and industry, and the evaluation phase with a view for future development courses. Much research has been conducted on theory and methods of response to oil spills in extreme cold weather environments and the challenges that can arise such as the safety elements of working on ice and in remote locations. In conclusion, the paper will highlight the elements of the Standard and Continuation Courses that are implemented into the training cycle in order to increase, and thereafter, maintain OSRL's competence and industry's preparedness.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis on the Advancement on the thermodynamic properties of clothing in extreme cold environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Nicholas Howie ◽  
Samuel Rabey
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Extreme Cold

When two systems with different energies are in contact, the heat from the higher energy system will move into the lower energy system and the two will reach equilibrium. Humans in extreme cold environments will perish if they do not keep appropriate heat contained within their system and thus it is the object of much historic research to maintain heat within a system for as long as possible. Research and development of cold weather clothing focuses on a range of methods regulating heat flow between clothing layers. Modern research focuses on air gaps between layers of clothing, development of new conventional insulating textiles and contemporary solutions such as the use of Phases Change [1]. The purpose of this paper is to conglomerate all of the current research into one meta-analysis highlighting the gaps in the research and potential areas in need of further study, and to propose a new article of cold weather apparel utilizing the most effective advancements from the papers collected in this study. It was found that each component of cold climate clothing affects an aspect of thermal resistivity. Thickness affects the windchill resistance, the specific heat increases thermal resistance of the fabric, while humidity increases thermal conductivity, air gaps reduce it and the rigidity affects all of these factors. Our findings suggest if the air gaps are above 8 mm, natural convection currents can occur which increase the thermal and moisture transfer between clothing layers. By analysing all of these factors, a new prototype garment was able to be proposed. Keywords: Cold environment; clothing; thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Human performance research for military operations in extreme cold environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Sullivan-Kwantes ◽  
Francois Haman ◽  
Boris R.M. Kingma ◽  
Svein Martini ◽  
Emilie Gautier-Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Performance Research

scholarly journals An Unusual Cold February 2019 in Saskatchewan—A Case Study Using NCEP Reanalysis Datasets

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumik Basu ◽  
David Sauchyn
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
The North ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The North Pacific

In February 2019, central Canada, and especially the province of Saskatchewan, experienced extreme cold weather. It was the coldest February in 82 years and the second coldest in 115 years. In this study, we examine National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Reanalysis 1 data to understand the atmospheric processes leading to this cold snap. A detailed investigation of surface air temperature, sea level pressure, surface fluxes, and winds revealed a linkage between the North Pacific storm track and the February cold snap. A shift in the jet stream pattern triggered by the storm activity over the North Pacific caused a high-pressure blocking pattern, which resulted in unusual cold temperatures in Saskatchewan in February. This study demonstrates the potential for extreme cold in a warming climate; weather records in Saskatchewan show an increase in minimum winter temperature by 4–5 °C.

AN OIL POLLUTION CONTROL OFFICER TRAINING COURSE

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
D. Cormack ◽  
P. G. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Officer Training ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
Training Courses

ABSTRACT Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) has recently run a number of training courses for oil pollution control officers. This paper describes these courses and relates activities to the responsibilities of the officers attending and the functions of the range of organisations concerned with oil pollution clearance. The nature of these activities has been explored and the underlying philosophy developed. Ultimately, the aim is to equip oil pollution officers with as wide an appreciation and understanding of available techniques and practices as possible within the limits imposed by a 10-day residential course. The training programme consists of lectures, films, demonstrations, and practical work in the use of proven techniques, and members are required to produce written assessments and comparisons of a number of commercially available devices. Topics include nature and source of oil spills, beach protection and cleaning, and the recovery of oil from water surfaces.

The Evolution of a Dispersant Spraying Platform from Turboprop to Jet Engine Aircraft

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2811-2825
Author(s):  
Claudia Caetano ◽  
Daniel White
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Response Phase

ABSTRACT Abstract 2017-370. As a result of a successful modification to an Oil Spill Response Limited Boeing 727 aircraft (registration G-OSRA) to enable aerial dispersant spraying, a paper has been written, aiming to provide an insight into the introduction of a turbine aircraft dispersant-application platform and the implications of the evolution from turboprop to jet engine aircraft. Furthermore, Oil Spill Response Limited has recently commissioned and introduced a second aircraft of the same modification specification (registration G-OSRB). As a response technique, dispersant application can have a significant impact on tackling large quantities of oil at sea; however, much of its effectiveness relies on targeting the oil during the window of opportunity in which dispersant will work successfully, in the early stages of the weathering processes. Time is, therefore, a critical factor and it is this key aspect, as well as others explored in detail throughout the paper, that led to the development of a pioneering system, specifically designed to respond to oil spills, that will undoubtedly prove to have a positive impact in terms of response times to incident sites. The paper also presents the reasons supporting the choice of a Boeing 727-2S2F (RE) aircraft as the chosen platform for dispersant spraying operations, such as the power to weight ratio, cargo capacity, and rearward mounted engine positions, to name but a few. It is also important to analyse the benefits of the Boeing 727-2S2F (RE) and the dispersant spraying system it contains during the different stages of the incident life cycle, be it during the preparation phase or the response phase. In the preparation phase, one of the advantages to highlight is the resilience of having two aircraft operated under a back to back schedule of maintenance as envisioned by a maintenance program specially designed to ensure continuous operational availability. During the response phase, aircraft such as G-OSRA and G-OSRB benefit from reduced transit times to incident sites due to the higher speed through the air that is possible with jet aircraft. Also, the paper also compares some key performance indicators such as range and speed between the turboprop aircraft of choice, Hercules L-382 and the Boeing 727-2S2F (RE).

Development of a DC Motor Drive for Extreme Cold Environments

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Garrett ◽  
Roberto Schupbach ◽  
Alexander B. Lostetter ◽  
H. Alan Mantooth
Keyword(s):  
Dc Motor ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Extreme Cold

scholarly journals North Atlantic SST Anomalies and the Cold North European Weather Events of Winter 2009/10 and December 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 922-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Buchan ◽  
Joël J.-M. Hirschi ◽  
Adam T. Blaker ◽  
Bablu Sinha
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Northern Europe experienced consecutive periods of extreme cold weather in the winter of 2009/10 and in late 2010. These periods were characterized by a tripole pattern in North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and exceptionally negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A global ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM) is used to investigate the ocean’s role in influencing North Atlantic and European climate. Observed SST anomalies are used to force the atmospheric model and the resultant changes in atmospheric conditions over northern Europe are examined. Different atmospheric responses occur in the winter of 2009/10 and the early winter of 2010. These experiments suggest that North Atlantic SST anomalies did not significantly affect the development of the negative NAO phase in the cold winter of 2009/10. However, in November and December 2010 the large-scale North Atlantic SST anomaly pattern leads to a significant shift in the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic toward a NAO negative phase. Therefore, these results indicate that SST anomalies in November/December 2010 were particularly conducive to the development of a negative NAO phase, which culminated in the extreme cold weather conditions experienced over northern Europe in December 2010.

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