scholarly journals Experimental Study: The Relationship between Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage and Mosquitoes Infectiousness in Two Sympatric Ethnic Groups in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Serme ◽  
Noëlie H. Bere ◽  
Salif Sombie ◽  
Amidou Diarra ◽  
Desire Kargougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Feeding Assay ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Membrane Feeding Assay

Aims: The lower susceptibility of the Fulani to malaria compared to Mossi was previously described in Burkina Faso in West Africa. The mature gametocyte stage of Plasmodium falciparum is known to be the only stage capable of infecting the mosquito though this process is disrupted by the action of immunity and other factors as well. Our study aims to assess the ability of two sympatric ethnic groups known to have different susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to infect mosquitoes through an experimental membrane feeding assay. Methodology: Study participants were gametocyte carriers aged from 2 to 12 years recruited in the village of Barkoundouba where Fulani and Mossi are living in sympatric. A venous blood was obtained from each participant for direct membrane feeding assay of insectary reared mosquitoes. Blood fed mosquitoes were stored for 7 days with sugar water as the only food source, then dissected for the microscopic detection for oocysts. Results: A total of 1050 mosquitoes were used for the experimental infections. Eight day after feeding, a total of 897 mosquitoes were dissected, 275 from the Fulani and 622 from the Mossi group. With an average of 43 stomachs examined by experimentation, the mosquito infestation rate was 10.5% in Fulani and 13.2% in Mossi group (p=0.569). The fed mosquito rate was 95 % and 95.6% in Fulani and Mossi ethnic group respectively (p=0.241). The rate of survival mosquitoes after the feeding was 96.5% and 87.5% in Fulani and Mossi ethnic group respectively (p=0.088). The proportion of dissected mosquitoes was 100% and 99.2% in Fulani and Mossi ethnic group respectively (p=0.138) leading to an average oocystic load of 249 in Fulani and 21 in Mossi group. The success rate of DMFA in both groups combined was 57.14%. Indeed, this rate was 33.33% and 66.67% in Fulani and Mossi group respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that there is no significant difference found between the two ethnic group with the fed, survival, dissected and the infested mosquitoes rate. However, the average of oocystic load was higher in Fulani than the Mossi group despite the low infection in Fulani group. There is a need to explore the mechanism underlying such difference between the two ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Qualification of Standard Membrane-Feeding Assay with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Potential Improvements for Future Assays

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e57909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoyo Miura ◽  
Bingbing Deng ◽  
Gregory Tullo ◽  
Ababacar Diouf ◽  
Samuel E. Moretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Feeding Assay ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Membrane Feeding Assay

scholarly journals Anti-Pfs25 Human Plasma Reduces Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates That Have Diverse Genetic Backgrounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1984-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dari F. Da ◽  
Saurabh Dixit ◽  
Jetsumon Sattabonkot ◽  
Jianbing Mu ◽  
Luc Abate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phase 1 Trial ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Membrane Feeding Assay

ABSTRACTPfs25 is a leading candidate for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine whose potential has been demonstrated in a phase 1 trial with recombinant Pfs25 formulated with Montanide ISA51. Because of limited sequence polymorphism, the anti-Pfs25 antibodies induced by this vaccine are likely to have transmission-blocking or -reducing activity against most, if not all, field isolates. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated transmission-blocking activities by membrane feeding assay of anti-Pfs25 plasma from the Pfs25/ISA51 phase 1 trial againstPlasmodium falciparumparasites from patients in two different geographical regions of the world, Thailand and Burkina Faso. In parallel, parasite isolates from these patients were sequenced for the Pfs25 gene and genotyped for seven microsatellites. The results indicate that despite different genetic backgrounds among parasite isolates, the Pfs25 sequences are highly conserved, with a single nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphism detected in 1 of 41 patients in Thailand and Burkina Faso. The anti-Pfs25 immune plasma had significantly higher transmission-reducing activity against parasite isolates from the two geographical regions than the nonimmune controls (P< 0.0001).

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Density and Infectivity in Peripheral Blood and Skin Tissue of Naturally Infected Parasite Carriers in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elamaran Meibalan ◽  
Aissata Barry ◽  
Matthew P Gibbins ◽  
Shehu Awandu ◽  
Lisette Meerstein-Kessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Gametocyte Density ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Finger Prick

Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum transmission depends on mature gametocytes that can be ingested by mosquitoes taking a blood meal on human skin. Although gametocyte skin sequestration has long been hypothesized as important contributor to efficient malaria transmission, this has never been formally tested. Methods In naturally infected gametocyte carriers from Burkina Faso, we assessed infectivity to mosquitoes by direct skin feeding and membrane feeding. We directly quantified male and female gametocytes and asexual parasites in finger-prick and venous blood samples, skin biopsy samples, and in of mosquitoes that fed on venous blood or directly on skin. Gametocytes were visualized in skin tissue with confocal microscopy. Results Although more mosquitoes became infected when feeding directly on skin then when feeding on venous blood (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–3.33; P = .007), concentrations of gametocytes were not higher in the subdermal skin vasculature than in other blood compartments; only sparse gametocytes were observed in skin tissue. Discussion Our data strongly suggest that there is no significant skin sequestration of P. falciparum gametocytes. Gametocyte densities in peripheral blood are thus informative for predicting onward transmission potential to mosquitoes and can be used to target and monitor malaria elimination initiatives.

scholarly journals Functional Comparison of Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Candidates by the Standard Membrane-Feeding Assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 4377-4382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoyo Miura ◽  
Eizo Takashima ◽  
Bingbing Deng ◽  
Gregory Tullo ◽  
Ababacar Diouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Feeding Assay ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Membrane Feeding Assay

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been a renewed interest in the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) againstPlasmodium falciparummalaria. While several candidate TBVs have been reported, studies directly comparing them in functional assays are limited. To this end, recombinant proteins of TBV candidates Pfs25, Pfs230, and PfHAP2 were expressed in the wheat germ cell-free expression system. Outbred CD-1 mice were immunized twice with the antigens. Two weeks after the second immunization, IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and IgG functionality was assessed by the standard membrane-feeding assay (SMFA) using culturedP. falciparumNF54 gametocytes andAnopheles stephensimosquitoes. All three recombinant proteins elicited similar levels of antigen-specific IgG judged by ELISA. When IgGs purified from pools of immune serum were tested at 0.75 mg/ml in the SMFA, all three IgGs showed 97 to 100% inhibition in oocyst intensity compared to control IgG. In two additional independent SMFA evaluations, anti-Pfs25, anti-Pfs230, and anti-PfHAP2 IgGs inhibited oocyst intensity in a dose-dependent manner. When all three data sets were analyzed, anti-Pfs25 antibody showed significantly higher inhibition than the other two antibodies (P< 0.001 for both), while there was no significant difference between the other two (P= 0.15). A proportion of plasma samples collected from adults living in an area of malaria endemicity in Mali recognized Pfs230 and PfHAP2. This is the first study showing that the HAP2 protein ofP. falciparumcan induce transmission-blocking antibody. The current study supports the possibility of using this system for a comparative study with multiple TBV candidates.

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