scholarly journals COVID-19 in Libya: Immunity and Protective Measures?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Moftah Hussin Alhagamhmad ◽  
Ahmad Abdulkader ◽  
Saleh Megil
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Strong Claim

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic illness and so far, there are almost 8860331 confirmed infected cases worldwide concentrating mainly in Americas and Europe, whereas data are less prominent in African countries. In Libya, the preliminary reports revealed there are small numbers of COVID-19 confirmed cases, which subsequently showed only a steady rise with no yet a clear explanation. In way we might find a reason behind Libya having a relatively small number of COVID-19 cases, the literature therefore was searched for all relevant journal articles and published reports that dealt with COVID-19 outbreaks. According to the latest released data, the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Libya remained relatively low as compared to the other countries, where only 571 out of almost nine millions total confirmed cases across the globe were documented in Libya. Further, there is a strong claim that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a part of national immunization program of many countries including Libya, might offer at least a partial protection against COVID-19. Cross-protective immunity triggered by other related viral infections is an additional immunological theory might explain the current low trend of COVID-19 epidemic in Libya.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A virus knowledge and immunization attitudes and practices in the United Arab Emirates community

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel A. Samara ◽  
Hiba J. Barqawi ◽  
Basant H. Aboelsoud ◽  
Moza A. AlZaabi ◽  
Fay T. Alraddawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
National Immunization

AbstractAnnually, 1.5 million cases of hepatitis A infection occur worldwide. The United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) has seen a decrease in infection rates and seroprevalence coupled with an increase in the average age of infection. This study aimed to assess the U.A.E. society’s hepatitis A knowledge, and attitudes and vaccination practices, with the applicability of its introduction into the local immunization schedule. A self-administered, 50-item questionnaire was used to collect data from the four most populous cities in the U.A.E., between January and March 2020. A total of 458 responses were collected and analysed using IBM-SPSS-26, R-4.0.0 and Matplotlib-v3.2.1. Females had better attitudes (P = 0.036), practices (P < 0.0005), immunization schedule knowledge (AOR = 3.019; CI 1.482–6.678), and appreciation of the immunization schedule (AOR = 2.141; CI 1.310–3.499). A higher level of perceived knowledge was associated with an actual better knowledge (P < 0.0005), better practices (P = 0.011), and increased willingness to get vaccinated (AOR = 1.988; CI 1.032–3.828). Respondents were more likely to vaccinate their children against HAV if the vaccine were introduced into the National Immunization Program (P < 0.0005). Overall, disease knowledge was lacking but with positive attitudes and poor practices. There is high trust in the National Immunization Program and a potential for improving poor practices through local awareness campaigns.

scholarly journals Introduction of a second dose of measles in National immunization program in India: A major step towards eradication

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Pardeep Khanna ◽  
Mohan Bairwa ◽  
Suraj Chawla ◽  
Shankar Prinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals Correlates of Immune Protection following Cutaneous Immunization with an Attenuated Burkholderia pseudomallei Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 4626-4634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ediane B. Silva ◽  
Andrew Goodyear ◽  
Marjorie D. Sutherland ◽  
Nicole L. Podnecky ◽  
Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACTInfections with the Gram-negative bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei(melioidosis) are associated with high mortality, and there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent the development of melioidosis in humans. Infected patients also do not develop protective immunity to reinfection, and some individuals will develop chronic, subclinical infections withB. pseudomallei. At present, our understanding of what constitutes effective protective immunity againstB. pseudomalleiinfection remains incomplete. Therefore, we conducted a study to elucidate immune correlates of vaccine-induced protective immunity against acuteB. pseudomalleiinfection. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with a highly attenuated, Select Agent-excludedpurMdeletion mutant ofB. pseudomallei(strain Bp82) and then subjected to intranasal challenge with virulentB. pseudomalleistrain 1026b. Immunization with Bp82 generated significant protection from challenge withB. pseudomallei, and protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial burden in lungs, liver, and spleen of immunized mice. Humoral immunity was critically important for vaccine-induced protection, as mice lacking B cells were not protected by immunization and serum from Bp82-vaccinated mice could transfer partial protection to nonvaccinated animals. In contrast, vaccine-induced protective immunity was found to be independent of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Tracking studies demonstrated uptake of the Bp82 vaccine strain predominately by neutrophils in vaccine-draining lymph nodes and by smaller numbers of dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes. We concluded that protection following cutaneous immunization with a live attenuatedBurkholderiavaccine strain was dependent primarily on generation of effective humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals National Immunization Program in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh ◽  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals National Immunization Program: Computerized System as a tool for new challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
The Impact

The scope and coverage of the Brazilian Immunization Program can be compared with those in developed countries because it provides a large number of vaccines and has a considerable coverage. The increasing complexity of the program brings challenges regarding its development, high coverage levels, access equality, and safety. The Immunization Information System, with nominal data, is an innovative tool that can more accurately monitor these indicators and allows the evaluation of the impact of new vaccination strategies. The main difficulties for such a system are in its implementation process, training of professionals, mastering its use, its constant maintenance needs and ensuring the information contained remain confidential. Therefore, encouraging the development of this tool should be part of public health policies and should also be involved in the three spheres of government as well as the public and private vaccination services.

scholarly journals Comparative Estimation of Coverage between National Immunization Program Vaccines and Non-NIP Vaccines in Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young June Choe ◽  
Jae Jeong Yang ◽  
Sue K. Park ◽  
Eun Hwa Choi ◽  
Hoan Jong Lee
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization
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