scholarly journals Interleukin 3 as an Erythropoietic Marker in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Positive Patients in South East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chinenye E. Okenwa ◽  
Ijeoma C. Uzoma ◽  
Anulika O. Onyemelukwe ◽  
Ogechukwu C. Dozie- Nwakile ◽  
Hilary Emuebie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Aim: To evaluate the interleukin 3 levels in some Hepatitis B virus and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive subjects. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Haematology Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria, between June and September, 2019. Methodology: A total of 86 subjects were recruited for this study; 40 were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, 30 were Hepatitis B positive and 16 healthy subjects that served as controls. The controls had tested negative to Hepatitis B Virus, Human immunodeficiency Virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Whole blood samples were collected from the Human immunodeficiency Virus positive and control samples. Haemoglobin concentration was analysed using the Orphěe Mythic 22 automated analyzer. Serum samples collected from all 86 subjects were used to assay Interleukin 3 using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay based Finetest human interleukin 3 kit. Results: A highly significant decrease in interleukin 3 levels was observed in Hepatitis B Virus and Human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects when compared with the apparently healthy control subjects, (P = 0.000 < 0.05). Average hemoglobin levels were also lower in the Human immunodeficiency virus subjects compared with the controls. Conclusion: A reduction of the interleukin 3 may be part of the synergistic factors responsible for the anaemia usually seen in the viral infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen among human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus co-infected patients in Jos, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Iroezindu ◽  
Comfort A Daniyam ◽  
Oche O Agbaji ◽  
Ejiji S Isa ◽  
Edith N Okeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Related Information ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negatively impacts the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including replication. We determined the prevalence of HBeAg in HIV/HBV co-infected patients compared to HBV mono-infected controls and further investigated the relationship between HBeAg seropositivity and the degree of HIV-induced immunosuppression in co-infected patients. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional. One hundred HBsAg-positive HIV-infected adults and 100 age and sex matched HBsAg-positive HIV negative controls were consecutively recruited between May and November 2010. Relevant demographic and HBV-related information was obtained. HBeAg was assayed by semi-quantitative third generation ELISA. The HIV/HBV co-infected patients also had CD4+ cell and HIV viral load quantification measured using flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction techniques respectively. Results: In each group, the mean age was 34 ± 8 years and the majority (61%) was female. The prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher among co-infected patients (n = 28; 28%) than in the controls (n = 15; 15%; p = 0.03). HBeAg seropositivity was independently associated with age < 40 years (AOR = 2.83, 95% = CI 1.29-6.17) and HIV seropositivity (AOR = 2.44, 95% C.I = 1.17-5.07). The prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher in co-infected patients with CD4 cell count < 200 cell/µL (41.3%) compared to those with 200-499 cell/µL (18.6%) and  ≥500 cell/µL (9.1%), p = 0.006. Conclusion: HIV/HBV co-infected patients have a significantly higher prevalence of HBeAg than HBV mono-infected individuals. HBV-infected patients should be routinely assessed for HBeAg, especially if they are co-infected with HIV.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in the western region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Umid Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Bhup Dev Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Western Region

Background and aims: The hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with major public health concerns. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in the western region of Nepal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, in which 15,791 patients, attending to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, were investigated for HBV, HCV and HIV from June 2013 to March 2016; demographic and biochemical profile were studied among the patients with positive test results.Results: Among 15,791 patients [male 6614 (41.9%) and female 9177 (58.1%)], HBV was found in 180 (1.1%), HCV in 52 (0.3%) and HIV in 77 (0.5%). The HBV was found in 63.9% of males and 36.1% of females, HCV in 67.3% of males and 32.7% of females, and HIV in 61% of males and 39% of females which showed that males had more positivity of HBV (P<0.001), HCV (P<0.001) and HIV (P 0.001) than that of female. The HBV was found more in 20-29 years age group (27.2%), HCV in 30-39 years (32.7%), and HIV in 40-49 years (28.6%), with all having p<0.001. Among the patients of HBV, HCV and HIV, the mean values of total bilirubin were 1.4 mg/dl, 0.8 mg/dl and 2.6 mg/dl, Aspartate Transaminase 75.9 U/L, 54.3 U/L and 92.7 U/L, Alanine Transaminase 54.6 U/L, 55.5 U/L and 56.1 U/L, and Alkaline Phosphatase 124.2 U/L, 109.2 U/L and 107.2 U/L, respectively. The majority of patients with HCV had a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV had concomitant alcoholic liver disease.Conclusion: The HBV was more prevalent followed by HIV and HCV in the western region of Nepal with more prevalence seen in males than in females. Regular screening of HBV, HCV and HIV among the selected patients can help detecting many new cases in Nepal.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2016;05(01):6-10

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Sera of Blood Donors and of Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Lopes Gonçales ◽  
Josiane Silveira Felix Pereira ◽  
Claudia da Silva ◽  
Glaucimari Roberto Thomaz ◽  
Maria Helena Postal Pavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT With the use of PCR, we searched for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum samples from 415 HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients: 150 were blood donors, 106 had only hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and 159 had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (of which 88 were HCV positive and 71 were HCV negative). HBV DNA was detected in 4% of blood donors, 3.4% of HIV- and HCV-positive patients, and 24% of HCV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in France: a cross-sectional multicentre study

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SÈNE ◽  
S. POL ◽  
L. PIROTH ◽  
C. GOUJARD ◽  
P. DELLAMONICA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Hbsag ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This prospective, multicentre study was conducted between September and October 2003 in 38 French departments of internal medicine, infectious disease and hepatogastroenterology and included 406 consecutive HBV-infected patients (positive HBsAg), half of whom were HIV-infected (53%). The aim was to outline the main characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected patients in French hospitals. HBV-HIV co-infected patients (85% were receiving HAART; mean CD4 count 447±245/μl, HIV RNA load <400 copies/ml, 67% of patients), compared to HIV-negative patients, were more often male, injecting drug users, HBeAg-positive and HCV-HIV co-infected (P<10−4). They underwent liver biopsy less often (31% vs. 51%, P<10−4), particularly those with severe immunodeficiency. They received anti-HBV treatment more often (75% vs. 45·7%, P<10−4), mainly lamivudine and tenofovir. Significant improvements in the management of such patients are awaited mainly in the appraisal of liver disease by either liver biopsy or non-invasive alternatives to liver biopsy.

scholarly journals Algorithms for the Testing of Tissue Donors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Axel Pruß ◽  
Akila Chandrasekar ◽  
Jacinto Sánchez-Ibáñez ◽  
Sophie Lucas-Samuel ◽  
Ulrich Kalus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tissue Donors ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although transmission of pathogenic viruses through human tissue grafts is rare, it is still one of the most serious dreaded risks of transplantation. Therefore, in addition to the detailed medical and social history, a comprehensive serologic and molecular screening of the tissue donors for relevant viral markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary. In the case of reactive results in particular, clear decisions regarding follow-up testing and the criteria for tissue release must be made. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Based on the clinical relevance of the specific virus markers, the sensitivity of the serological and molecular biological methods used and the application of inactivation methods, algorithms for tissue release are suggested. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compliance with the preanalytical requirements and assessment of a possible hemodilution are mandatory requirements before testing the blood samples. While HIV testing follows defined algorithms, the procedures for HBV and HCV diagnostics are under discussion. Screening and decisions for HBV are often not as simple, e.g., due to cases of occult HBV infection, false-positive anti-HBc results, or early window period positive HBV NAT results. In the case of HCV diagnostics, modern therapies with direct-acting antivirals, which are often associated with successful treatment of the infection, should be included in the decision. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In HBV and HCV testing, a high-sensitivity virus genome test should play a central role in diagnostics, especially in the case of equivocal serology, and it should be the basis for the decision to release the tissue. The proposed test algorithms and decisions are also based on current European recommendations and standards for safety and quality assurance in tissue and cell banking.

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