Study on Iron Integration in Anaemias and New Pharmaceutical Technologies Correlation between Pharmaceutical Iron Technology and the Effectiveness of Supplements

Careful listening to oral traditions, a significant part of Tanzanian Haya heritage, for nearly a year led to an ancient shrine where Haya elders encouraged excavations. This was early participatory community archaeology, where indigenous knowledge and the initiative of elders paved the way to significant archaeological finds about iron technology and the enduring qualities of knowledge preserved by ritual performance. Patient apprenticeship to knowledge-keepers during ethnoarchaeological observations of iron technology also led to significant insights into inventive techniques in iron technology that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. Listening with epistemic humility, opening ourselves to other ways of constructing history and heritage, unveils heritage under treat. A forgotten massacre by German colonials, the knowledge of which has been erased by disease and globalization, was revealed and is now preserved only by listening closely to Haya elders five decades ago.

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IRON TECHNOLOGY IN THE FORTIFIED CITY OF MAO (CENTRAL DARFUR) IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM AD

Nubian Archaeology in the XXIst Century ◽

10.2307/j.ctv1q26wt1.58 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 605-608

Author(s):

Ibrahim Musa

Keyword(s):

First Millennium ◽

Iron Technology

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Site Location and Site Hierarchy in Prehistoric Thailand

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00008355 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. F. W. Hicham ◽

Amphan Kijngam ◽

B. F. J. Manly

Keyword(s):

Water Buffalo ◽

East Asian ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Site Location ◽

Field Surveys ◽

The Past ◽

North East ◽

Iron Technology ◽

Archaeological Project ◽

Ban Chiang

During the past decade, archaeological research in north-east Thailand has concentrated on the excavation of individual sites. Of these, the best known are Non Nok Tha (Bayard 1971) and Ban Chiang (Gorman and Charoenwongsa 1976). Both are relatively small occupation and burial sites, covering c. 1 ha and 3.5 ha respectively.There have been several claims for an unexpectedly early bronze-working tradition in the area, and of the inception of iron technology during the second millennium BC. Biological remains from these sites reveal cultivation of rice and maintenance of domestic herds of cattle, pig and water buffalo (Gorman and Charoenwongsa 1976). While the recent surge of prehistoric research here and in adjacent areas has clearly demonstrated the presence of a south-east Asian bronze working tradition of some antiquity (Ha Van Tan 1980), the establishment of a chronological framework and of the settlement pattern in the area are in their infancy.As part of the Thai Government's North-east Thailand Archaeological Project, steps were taken in 1980–81 to expand our knowledge of the Ban Chiang culture. During the 1980 dry season, Higham and Kijngam co-directed two intensive field surveys.

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The Transition from Bronze to Iron in Canaan: Chronology, Technology, and Context

Radiocarbon ◽

10.2458/azu_rc.57.18563 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 285-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Naama Yahalom-Mack ◽

Adi Eliyahu-Behar

Keyword(s):

Research Council ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Iron Production ◽

Major Contributor ◽

European Research ◽

Southern Levant ◽

Urban Centers ◽

12Th Century ◽

Funded Project ◽

Iron Technology

In the framework of the European Research Council-funded project, “Reconstructing Ancient (Biblical) Israel: The Exact and Life Sciences Perspective,” we carried out multiple analyses on iron and bronze objects from provenanced contexts in Israel, as well as on previously unidentified metallurgical remains from the production of both metals. In addition, we counted anew iron and bronze objects from well-stratified contexts and studied metalworking sequences at major sites, which included those that had undergone the bronze/iron transition. This enabled us to clarify some of the issues related to the bronze/iron transition in the southern Levant. Using this evidence, we showed that iron was not used for utilitarian purposes before the Iron I (late 12th century BCE) and that iron only became dominant concurrently with the beginning of its systematic production during the Iron IIA (10th–9th centuries BCE). A strong correlation between iron and bronze production suggests that during the Iron I local independent bronzesmiths adopted the new iron technology. Under local administrations that developed during the Iron IIA, workshops that previously produced bronze turned to iron production, although they continued to manufacture bronze items as a secondary venture. Significantly, at some of the major urban centers iron production was an independent industry that included the entire operational sequence, including the on-site smelting of the ore. This development appears to have been a major contributor to the transition to systematic production of iron.

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