scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance Pattern of Candida Species Isolated from High Vaginal Swabs of Women Attending a Hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila ◽  
Ikechukwu Okoli ◽  
Christie Amaechi Oyeka
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern

There is an increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) vulvovaginal candidiasis which is attributed to overuse of antifungal therapy and this has led to antifungal resistance. This study was aimed at determining the antifungal resistance pattern of some clinical isolates of Candida species. Eighty-eight (88) isolates were used which included Candida tropicalis (34), Candida Parapsilosis (21), Candida albicans (20), Candida krusei (7) and Candida glabrata (6). The drugs used were Fluconazole (25µg), Ketoconazole (10µg), Voriconazole (1µg), Nystatin (100Units), Amphotericin B (20µg), Flucytosine (1µg), Clotrimazole (10µg) and Itraconazole (50µg). The susceptibility testing was carried out using the M44-A standard method for yeast disk diffusion testing. Results showed that the percentages of Candida species resistant to Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Nystatin were 52.3%, 61.9%, 35.2%, 19.3%, 86.4%, 34.1%,  45.5% and 44.3%,  with inhibition zone diameters ≤14mm, ≤20mm, ≤13mm, <10mm, ≤11mm, ≤11mm, ≤13mm and no inhibition zone diameter respectively. Candida krusei was the most resistant species with 100% resistance to each of Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Flucytosine. Candida tropicalis was the species with the highest susceptibility (79.4%) to Amphotericin B followed by Candida parapsilosis with inhibition zone diameters ≥15mm. While Candida glabrata showed 100% resistance to each of Flucytosine and Itraconazole, Candida albicans showed 100% resistance to Flucytosine only. Candida glabrata was the only Candida species with 0% resistance to Amphotericin B. The drug to which most of the Candida species were susceptible was Amphotericin B followed by Voriconazole while Flucytosine was the drug with the highest resistance followed by Ketoconazole and Fluconazole. The highest number of susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates was observed with Ketoconazole (25%), followed by Clotrimazole and Itraconazole, each recording 23.9%. Based on the findings of the present study, Voriconazole is recommended for vaginal candidiasis especially in the study area and also especially for infections caused by Fluconazole-resistant Candida species. This suggests that routine sensitivity testing is pertinent to guiding the choice of antifungal therapy. Thus, indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs should be avoided to reduce the development and spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Aspectos micológicos e suscetibilidade in vitro de leveduras do gênero Candida em pacientes HIV-positivos provenientes do Estado de Mato Grosso

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Cometti Favalessa ◽  
Marilena dos Anjos Martins ◽  
Rosane Christine Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Candida Sp

INTRODUÇÃO: A candidíase é uma das infecções fúngicas mais frequentes entre os pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. O presente estudo objetivou a caracterização das leveduras do gênero Candida de distintas amostras clínicas, provenientes de pacientes HIV - positivos, assim como a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade in vitro a cinco drogas antifúngicas. MÉTODOS: A caracterização dos isolados de Candida sp foi realizada através da metodologia clássica, testes bioquímicos (zimograma e auxanograma) e morfológicos (prova do tubo germinativo e microcultivo em lâmina). Também, foram realizadas a técnica genotípica (PCR) e identificação pelo método comercial API 20C AUX (BioMeriéux). Para a determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade in vitro, foram utilizadas cinco drogas antifúngicas (cetoconazol, fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol e anfotericina B), através do método comercialmente disponível - Etest. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 105 isolados de leveduras do gênero Candida provenientes de 102 pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV. Destes, foram caracterizadas 82 (78,1%) Candida albicans, 8 (7,6%) Candida parapsilosis, 8 (7,6%) Candida tropicalis, 4 (3,8%) Candida krusei, 2 (1,9%) Candida glabrata e 1 (1%) Candida guilliermondii. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando o perfil geral de sensibilidade, 60% dos isolados foram suscetíveis a todos os antifúngicos testados, porém as espécies C. tropicalis e C. krusei demonstraram uma tendência a valores mais elevados de CIMs para os azóis do que os encontrados paraC. albicans, sugerindo resistência.

Comparative evaluation of six chromogenic media for presumptive yeast identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Vecchione ◽  
Walter Florio ◽  
Francesco Celandroni ◽  
Simona Barnini ◽  
Antonella Lupetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Yeast Identification ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae ◽  
Reference Strains

AimsThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the discrimination ability of six chromogenic media in presumptive yeast identification.MethodsWe analysed 108 clinical isolates and reference strains belonging to eight different species: Candida albicans,Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis,Candida lusitaniae and Trichosporon mucoides.ResultsC. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei could be distinguished from one another in all the tested chromogenic media, as predicted by the manufacturers. In addition, C. albicans could be distinguished from C. dubliniensis on BBL CHROMagar Candida, Kima CHROMagar Candida and Brilliance Candida, and C. parapsilosis could be identified on CHROMATIC Candida agar, CHROMOGENIC Candida agar, and Brilliance Candida agar.ConclusionsBrilliance Candida provided the widest discrimination ability, being able to discriminate five out of the seven Candida species tested. Interestingly, C. tropicalis and C. krusei could be already distinguished from each other after 24 hours of incubation.

scholarly journals Atividade antifúngica de Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf frente à leveduras do gênero Candida sp.

Revista Fitos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Luiz Francisley de Paiva ◽  
Sabrina de Alvarenga Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Candida Sp

Candida sp. é um gênero de levedura que faz parte da microbiota do corpo humano e de animais. É considerado o principal grupo de fungos patógenos oportunistas. O uso de plantas medicinais é empregado cada vez mais nas diversas áreas. A planta Cymbopogon citratus (DC). Stapf é popularmente conhecida no Brasil por Capim-cheiroso, Capim-cidreira, Capim-santo, Capim-limão, Capim-cidró, Capim-cidrão. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus frente a leveduras do gênero Candida sp.. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação das folhas pelo método do arraste a vapor. A atividade antifúngica foi verificada pelas técnicas de disco-difusão, concentração inibitória mínima e concentração letal mínima. Foram utilizadas as cepas padrão ATCC de Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida Krusei, Candida parapsilosis e Candida utilis. O óleo essencial apresentou atividade antifúngica frente a todas as espécies. A faixa de inibição varia de 0,281 µg/mL a 1,125 µg/mL e concentração letal varia de 0,562 µg/mL a 1,125 µg/mL. Esses achados contribuem para um futuro emprego da planta C. citratus como fitoterápico em tratamento preventivo ou alternativo contra infecções fúngicas.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of a New Polyene, SPA-S-843, against Yeasts

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3012-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rimaroli ◽  
T. Bruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of a new water-soluble polyene, SPA-S-843, was evaluated against 116 strains of Candida,Cryptococcus, and Saccharomyces spp. and compared with that of amphotericin B. SPA-S-843 demonstrated better inhibitory activity against all of the yeasts examined and better fungicidal activity against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis than did amphotericin B.

Candida Species

2012 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Shimon Kusne ◽  
Ann E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Cell Identification

Candida are oval yeast that are 4 to 6 μ‎m in diameter. They reproduce by budding, usually producing pseudohyphae (budding yeast without full detachment of daughter cell). Identification is usually based on morphology and sugar assimilation. Of the species that are human pathogens the most common (over 60% of cases) is Candida albicans. Others include Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida kefyr (formerly Candida pseudotropicalis), Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida guilliermondii. Disease manifestations and treatment are reviewed.

scholarly journals In vitro kill curves of a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, against fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida species.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Karlowsky ◽  
G A Harding ◽  
S A Zelenitsky ◽  
D J Hoban ◽  
A Kabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Clinical Isolates

In vitro killing by a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, was characterized using clinical isolates of fluconazole-sensitive (Y58) and -resistant (Y180) Candida albicans as well as Candida glabrata (Y7) and Candida krusei (Y171). The 24-h kill curves for Y58 and Y180 demonstrated dose-independent killing of between 1 and 2 log10 with LY-303366 at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 1,000 times the MIC. Regrowth did not occur at 24 h with either C. albicans isolate at the aforementioned LY-303366 concentrations. At their MICs, LY-303366 and amphotericin B produced similar killing kinetics in cultures of Y58, Y180, Y7, and Y171, while all cultures exposed to fluconazole at its MIC demonstrated stasis or growth over 24 h.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF QUANTIFICATION OF CANDIDA SPECIES COLONIES USING ALTERNATIVE PLATING METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Raquel De Annunzio ◽  
Filipe Silveira Fusco ◽  
Carolina Santezi Santezi ◽  
Bárbara Donadon Reina ◽  
Lívia Nordi Dovigo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Drop Plate

Objective: to evaluate the concordance of different plating methods for quantification of Candida species colonies. Method: standardized suspensions of reference strains (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei) were submitted to serial dilution and plating according to methods of track-dilution (TDM), drop plate (DPM) and the conventional spread plate (SPM). Data were submitted to construction of Bland–Altman diagrams, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and ANOVA (⍺=5%). Results: adequate concordance between the methods (CCI >0.71) was observed, and the execution of DPM was the fastest (p<0.001). However, DPM and TDM appear to result in greater values compared to SPM, especially for C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Conclusion: C. albicans and C. glabrata can be plated with DPM and TDM, but the use of these methods for C. krusei and C. tropicalis may result in count variation.

scholarly journals Vulvovaginitis candidiásica: manifestaciones clínicas según la especie de cándida

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Alexander Bahsas ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Narváez ◽  
Ramón Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Objective: To characterize the Vulvovaginal Candidiasis clinical manifestations according to the identified Candida species in women who attended to the gynecological service of the Maternidad Concepción Palacios. Methods: Prospective, cross-cutting, non-causal correlational study, which included a probabilistic sample of 203 women. A sample of vaginal secretion for cultivation was taken from each woman, in order to found the different species of fungi and to compare the clinical manifestations between the different cases. Results: There were 165 positive cultivation cases. Among them the two species with the highest frequency were Candida albicans in 105 patients (63.64%) and Candida glabrata in 49 patients (29.70 %). Candida parapsylasis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were found less frequently. With regard, the correlation between clinical manifestations and the species, the only clinical manifestation that presented statistically significant clinical differences were excoriations in candida tropicalis cases (p-0.012). Conclusions: There were no correlation between the vulvovaginal candidiasis clinical manifestations and the identified Candida species. Keywords: Vaginal candidiasis, Clinical manifestations, Candida species.

scholarly journals Candidemia em um hospital terciário brasileiro: incidência, freqüência das diferentes espécies, fatores de risco e suscetibilidade aos antifúngicos

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cesar Beenke França ◽  
Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio de Queiroz-Telles
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

São apresentados os resultados de estudo transversal e observacional sobre candidemia realizado no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. No período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2004, foram analisados 100 episódios de candidemia. A incidência foi de 1,27 por 1.000 internações, sendo Candida spp o oitavo agente mais isolado nas infecções da corrente sanguínea. A idade variou de 5 dias a 89 anos com uma média de 32 anos, 60% dos casos ocorreram em adultos (66% > 50 anos) e 40% em crianças (52% < 1 ano). Cinqüenta e nove pacientes estavam internados em enfermarias e 41 em unidade de terapia intensiva. Candida albicans foi a espécie mais (59%) freqüente, seguida por Candida tropicalis (15%), Candida parapsilosis (9%). As condições associadas mais (97%) freqüentes foram uso de antibióticos, cateter venoso central (77%), bloqueador H2 (57%), nutrição parenteral total (49%) internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva (41%). Dos 51 isolados testados, 3 de Candida glabrata apresentaram suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao fluconazol e eram resistentes ao itraconazol. Uma amostra de Candida krusei apresentou suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao fluconazol, e uma de Candida pelliculosa suscetibilidade dose-dependente ao itraconazol. Na população de estudo, 68% receberam tratamento antifúngico, no entanto a mortalidade foi de 56%.

scholarly journals Beban Candida dalam Saluran Cerna Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Hardi Hutabarat ◽  
Ida B. E. U. Wija Wija ◽  
Forman E. Siagian ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Fungal Load

AbstrakMikrobiota terbesar pada tubuh manusia terdapat pada saluran cerna (70%).Mikrobiota normal saluran cerna tersusun atas komposisi mikroorganisme yang unik dan berada dalam keadaan seimbang, didalamnya termasuk Candidaspp., yang hidup sebagai komensal. Data tentang keberadaan Candida dalam usus terutama berasal dari orang dewasa, sedangkan data pada anak sangat jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies Candida dan bebannya pada saluran cerna anak. Untuk menghitung beban jamur, sebanyak 0,2 g tinja ditanam pada agar sabouraud dekstrosa (ASD). Beban jamur dihitung berdasarkan koloni yang tumbuh dan disesuaikan menjadi per gram tinja (colony forming unit – CFU/g tinja). Identifikasi Candida dilakukan berdasarkan koloni yang tumbuh pada medium CHROMagar Candida (Paris, France). Populasi penelitian adalah anak umur 0-18 tahun (sesuai kriteria WHO). Sampel berasal dari RT 10 dan 11, Kampung Pluis, Jakarta Selatan dan RT 4, 6 dan 9, Kelurahan Cawang. Sebanyak 61 sampel tinja ditanam pada medium, dan didapat 72 isolat dari 43 pertumbuhan yang berasal dari 54 anak sehat dan tujuh anak sakit, yang dirawat di Departemen Kesehatan Anak RS UKI dengan berbagai sebab. Isolat yang didapat terdiri atas Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, dan Candida glabrata. Beban jamur 1-50 CFU ditemukan pada 18 pasien, diikuti oleh beban jamur 151-200 CFU pada tujuh pasien. Selain itu, ditemukan infeksi campuran (dua spesies) pada sembilan sampel dan 3 spesies pada tujuh sampel. Tinja anak sakit didominasi C. tropicalis, empat sampel memiliki campuran C. tropicalis dengan C. albicans, dan C. tropicalis dengan C. parapsilosis. Kata Kunci: Candida, spesies, CFU, beban jamurCandida Load in the Children’s Gastrointestinal TractAbstractThe largest microbiota in the human body is found in the digestive tract (70%). The microbiota in the digestive tract is normally composed of a unique composition of microorganisms and is in a balanced state, including Candida spp., which live as commensals. Data on the presence of Candida in the intestine, especially coming from an adult, while the data in children are very rare. This study aims to determine the diversity of Candida species and fungal burden on the children’s digestive tract. To calculate the fungal load, 0.2g of faeces were planted on sabouraud dextrose agar (ASD). The fungal load was calculated based on the growing colonies and adjusted to be per gram of faeces (colony forming unit - CFU/g of faeces). Candida identification was carried out based on the colonies that grew on the CHROMagar Candida medium (Paris, France). The study population was children aged 0-18 years (according to WHO criteria). Samples came from RT 10 and 11, KampungPluis, South Jakarta and RT 4, 6 and 9, Cawang. A total of 61 stool samples were planted on the medium, and obtained 72 isolates from 43 growths from 54 healthy children and seven children who were treated at the Children’s Health Department of UKI Hospital for various reasons. The isolates obtained consisted of Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata. 1-50 CFU fungal burden was found in 18 patients, followed by 151-200 CFU fungal burden in seven patients. In addition, there were mixed infections (two species) in nine samples and three species in seven samples. The stool of the sick children was predominantly C. tropicalis, four samples had a mixture of C. tropicalis with C. albicans, and C. tropicaliswith C. parapsilosis.Keywords: Candida, species, CFU, fungal burden

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