scholarly journals Olfactory Function Assessment: Standardization of a New Quantitative Technique for the Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Navya Jith Jacob ◽  
D. Rajkumar ◽  
M. Sudha ◽  
Varsha Varghese ◽  
J. K. Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Discrimination Score ◽  
Olfactory Recognition ◽  
Identification Score ◽  
Function Assessment

Aim: Olfactory function assessment is often neglected in clinical settings due to a lack of appropriate cost effective techniques. We therefore aimed to develop a cost effective, reliable and culturally appropriate tool for olfactory function assessment among the Indian population and to compare olfactory functions among 63 healthy controls and 32 idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients. Materials and Methods: Olfactory stimuli were applied to the nostrils of the participants using an olfactometer. Five different odoriferous substances common to Indian culture were used for the study in three different concentrations: ginger (1%, 2%, 3%), cardamom (0.4%, 2%, 3%), garlic (0.8%, 1.4%, 2%), coffee (1.6%, 2%, 4%), vanilla (2%, 3%, 4%). Olfactory recognition threshold, olfactory identification score and olfactory discrimination score were observed among the control population and Parkinson’s disease population. Results: The olfactory recognition threshold was significantly high among the Parkinson’s disease group compared to controls (Mann Whitney U test, p<0.001). Reliability was tested using the test-retest method among the control group and all olfactory variables in three different concentrations had either r value closer to 1 or 1, which shows an acceptable level of reliability. The correlation was found to be significant (p<0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve drawn for olfactory recognition thresholds at different concentrations for the five odouriferous substances and the area was determined to classify cases and controls (Determined areas: ginger = 0.928, cardamom = 0.955, garlic = 0.921, Coffee = 0.950, vanilla = 0.950). The area under the curve was found to be significant in classifying the cases and the control. Conclusion: The newly developed olfactory assessment tool was found to be reliable and effective in assessing olfactory parameters like recognition threshold, identification score and discrimination score among the Indian population.

Recent Advances in Drug Repurposing for Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (28) ◽  
pp. 5340-5362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Giuseppe Gumina ◽  
Kristopher G. Virga
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Clinical Drugs

:As a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mostly affects older people, Parkinson’s disease is a growing health threat to our ever-aging population. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of this disease, all therapeutics currently available only act to improve symptoms but cannot stop the disease progression. Therefore, it is essential that more effective drug discovery methods and approaches are developed, validated, and used for the discovery of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, or the process of finding new uses for existing or abandoned pharmaceuticals, has been recognized as a cost-effective and timeefficient way to develop new drugs, being equally promising as de novo drug discovery in the field of neurodegeneration and, more specifically for Parkinson’s disease. The availability of several established libraries of clinical drugs and fast evolvement in disease biology, genomics and bioinformatics has stimulated the momentums of both in silico and activity-based drug repurposing. With the successful clinical introduction of several repurposed drugs for Parkinson’s disease, drug repurposing has now become a robust alternative approach to the discovery and development of novel drugs for this disease. In this review, recent advances in drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease will be discussed.

scholarly journals Peripheral Leukocytosis Predicts Cognitive Decline but Not Behavioral Disturbances: A Nationwide Study of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Santiago R. Unda ◽  
Aldana M. Antoniazzi ◽  
David J. Altschul ◽  
Roberta Marongiu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Peripheral and central nervous system inflammation have been linked to the classic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether the analysis of routine systemic inflammatory markers could represent a useful prediction tool to identify clinical subtypes in patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s at higher risk of dementia-associated symptoms, such as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a multivariate logistic regression using the 2016 and 2017 National Inpatient Sample with International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes to assess if pro-inflammatory white blood cells (WBCs) anomalies correlate with dementia and BPSD in patients with these disorders. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that leukocytosis was the most common WBC inflammatory marker identified in 3.9% of Alzheimer’s and 3.3% Parkinson’s patients. Leukocytosis was also found to be an independent risk factor for Parkinson’s dementia. Multivariate analysis of both cohorts showed that leukocytosis is significantly decreased in patients with BPSD compared to patients without BPSD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results suggest a link between leukocytosis and the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in both PD and AD. A better understanding of the role of systemic neuroinflammation on these devastating neurodegenerative disorders may facilitate the development of cost-effective blood biomarkers for patient’s early diagnosis and more accurate prognosis.

Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Three Independent Polymorphisms have no Association with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in East Indian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Mainak Sengupta ◽  
Tania Saha ◽  
Somrita Roy ◽  
Rajashree Chakraborty ◽  
Arindam Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
East Indian

scholarly journals Modernizing Daily Function Assessment in Parkinson's Disease Using Capacity, Perception, and Performance Measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Maetzler ◽  
Lynn Rochester ◽  
Roongroj Bhidayasiri ◽  
Alberto J. Espay ◽  
Alvaro Sánchez‐Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Function ◽  
Function Assessment

scholarly journals Effects of Qigong Exercise on Non-Motor Symptoms and Inflammatory Status in Parkinson’s Disease: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Moon ◽  
Caio Sarmento ◽  
Irina Smirnova ◽  
Yvonne Colgrove ◽  
Kelly Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbance, cognitive decline, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) impact quality of life. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in individuals with PD have been reported, which may contribute to non-motor symptoms. A mind-body exercise, Qigong, has demonstrated benefits across different medical conditions. However, a lack of evidence causes clinicians and patients to be uncertain about the effects of Qigong in individuals with PD. This study will examine the effects of Qigong on non-motor symptoms and inflammatory status in individuals with PD. Methods: Sixty individuals with PD will be recruited. Qigong and sham Qigong group (n = 30 for each) will receive a 12-week intervention. Participants will practice their assigned exercise at home (2×/day) and attend routinely group exercise meetings. Results: Clinical questionnaires and neuropsychological tests will measure non-motor symptoms including sleep quality (primary outcome). Biomarker assays will measure inflammatory status. A two-way mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be utilized. Conclusions: This study may generate evidence for the benefits of Qigong on non-motor symptoms of PD and the effect on inflammatory status. Findings may lead to the development of a novel, safe, and cost-effective rehabilitation approach for individuals with PD.

Correlation among olfactory function, motors’ symptoms, cognitive impairment, apathy, and fatigue in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 265 (8) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Masala ◽  
Paolo Solla ◽  
A. Liscia ◽  
G. Defazio ◽  
L. Saba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Olfactory Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document