scholarly journals EFFECT OF ICE ON SHORE DEVELOPMENT

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
James H. Zumberge ◽  
James T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
General Consideration ◽  
The State ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Probable Relationship ◽  
Ice Conditions

During the course of investigations of ice forms on the Great Lakes bordering the state of Michigan, the writers had occasion to observe several shore areas under winter conditions. The following paper is a general consideration of these casual observations and includes suggestions of the probable relationship between ice conditions at the shore line and in the surf zone to the normal shore processes effective during the ice-free year.

scholarly journals EROSION ALONG THE ILLINOIS SHORE OF LAKE MICHIGAN

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
State Level ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
The Many

In the consideration of problems of coastal engineering in general, and of shore and beach erosion in particular, one is quite naturally apt to immediately focus attention upon our ocean shores to the exclusion of inland areas. Many are perhaps not appreciative of the fact that the five inland fresh-water lakes comprising the Great Lakes system are bordered by eight states having a combined length of shore line of approximately 3,000 miles. (See Fig. 1) Only in recent years has there been a general awakening of interest in the many and varied problems of erosion which occur along these inland coasts. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the problems existing on the Illinois shore and to outline the steps which have been taken at the State level in seeking a solution to those problems.

scholarly journals Emergence and Migration of a Nearshore Bar: Sediment Flux and Morphological Change on a Multi-Barred Beach in the Great Lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Greenwood ◽  
Allana Permanand-Schwartz ◽  
Christopher A. Houser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Sediment Balance ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Equilibrium Morphology

Abstract Burley Beach (southeastern Lake Huron) exhibits a multi-barred shoreface, the long-term equilibrium morphology characteristic of many low angle, sandy beaches in the Canadian Great Lakes. During a single major storm, a new bar emerged 50-60 m offshore as an irregular trough-crest form, through differential erosion of an existing shore terrace. Emergence, bar growth and offshore migration were associated with: (a) an overall negative sediment balance in the inner surf zone initially (‑2.30 m3>/m beach width), but with a large positive sediment balance (+5.10 m3/m) subsequent to the storm peak and during the storm decay; (b) progradation of the beach step to produce a new shore terrace; and (c) offshore migration of the two outer bars to provide the accommodation space necessary for the new bar. The primary transport mechanisms accounting for emergence of the new bar, its growth and migration were: (a) the mean cross-shore currents (undertow), which always transported suspended sediment offshore; and (b) the onshore transport of suspended sediment by incident gravity wave frequencies early in the storm and subsequently by infragravity waves (at the storm peak and the decay period). The longshore transport of sediment was significant in terms of the gross transport, although the net result was only a small transport to the south-west (historic littoral transport direction). It did not cause bar initiation, but it may have supplied some of the sediment for bar growth. The primary mechanism for bar initiation and growth was the cross-shore displacement of sediment by wave-driven (oscillatory) transport and cross-shore mean currents (undertow).

Correction of Local Collection Efficiency Based on Roughness Element Concept for Glaze Ice Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-622
Author(s):  
Taekeun Yoon ◽  
Kwanjung Yee
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Roughness Element ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Ice Conditions

ABSTRACTIn glaze ice conditions, beads on the surface usually grow to form roughness elements through coalescence, finally resulting in enhancement of local collection efficiency. However, the effects of roughness elements due to freezing of beads are not reflected on the local collection efficiency in CFD icing simulations. This is problematic for predicting the resultant ice shape, which may lead to inaccurate aerodynamic performance and load distribution. The aim of this study is to propose a macroscopic icing model which can reflect bead microscopic phenomena using the Eulerian approach. To this end, a correction was made for collection efficiency by introducing a novel parameter - the effective impinging angle- which is the angle to calculate the local collection efficiency depending on the physical state of surface. It is assumed that the parameter related to the contact angle represents the state of beads. The computational icing analysis of airfoil was performed using the proposed model both in the rime condition and glaze conditions. The results show that the icing characteristics in the feather region is captured with enhanced accuracy in both conditions.

Winter 1994 Weather and Ice Conditions for the Laurentian Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Assel ◽  
John E. Janowiak ◽  
Sharolyn Young ◽  
Daron Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Ice Conditions

Comparison of 1983 Great Lakes Winter Weather and Ice Conditions with Previous Years

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Assel ◽  
C. Robert Snider ◽  
Reginald Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Ice Conditions

scholarly journals SLED SYSTEM FOR PROFILING SUSPENDED LITTORAL DRIFT

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Coakley ◽  
H.A. Savile ◽  
M. Pedrosa ◽  
M. Larocque
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
Steep Waves ◽  
Sled System ◽  
Coastal Research

There are many factors which suggest that littoral zone processes in the Great Lakes differ substantially from those of the marine coasts described in the existing coastal research literature. Among these factors are the lack of an appreciable tidal cycle; the predominance of relatively short, steep, waves; the virtual absence of swell waves; and the presence of shore fast ice in winter. As a result, many of the empirical relationships derived for marine coasts might be of questionable applicability to Great Lakes coasts. The present study, which represents only one phase of a long-term project designed to develop more specific littoral transport relationships, is aimed at obtaining accurate, direct estimates of the actual littoral transport at an experimental site located at the western end of Lake Ontario. This paper will describe a mechanical system designed to collect a series of time-averaged samples of suspended sediment for concentration determinations as well as flow velocity and water depth at locations across the surf zone. Some preliminary results of the field program using the system will also be presented and discussed.

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