Saudi Arabia National Cyber Security System: Specificity and Development Risks

The research featured the national cybersecurity system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cybersecurity standards developed by the International Telecommunication Union of the United Nations made it possible to reveal the institutional and legal foundations of the digital security system, as well as the degree of involvement in international cybersecurity cooperation. The analysis demonstrated the key risks of the development of the Saudi cyber model. The assessment by the International Telecommunication Union standards gave quite positive results. However, Saudi Arabia proved to adhere to a catching-up development model and still experiences some problems with national cyberspace security. Some are of global nature, e.g. legislation gaps, while others result from the specifics of the national model of state governance. The most obvious risks include the imbalance between the civil and military sectors, the disagreements between various regions, and the poor integration of the local hacker community into the overall structure of national cybersecurity. Saudi Arabia plans to eliminate these imbalances in the medium term in order to build an integrated cybersecurity system by expanding its international cooperation.

Structural Development of Russian Economy: Assessing the Condition and Prospects of Speeding-Up

In the practice of state governance economic development is usually estimated by comparing macro-economic indicators for the period being evaluated with relevant preceding periods. The article studies a non-conventional – structural approach to estimating the development of sectoral structure of Russian economy. The period of 10 years, i. e. from 2011 to 2020 was analyzed, at the same time the possibility of accelerated development in the medium-term (2023) and long-term (2036) periods was investigated. The authors provide theoretical foundations of the research, indicators of structural development, the procedure and algorithms of their estimation. The criterion and quality model of passing-over from the actual condition to the optimal combination of sector scales were identified. By comparing the actual and model (estimated) indicators of sector scales the trend and nature of structural development of national economy were evaluated, as well as its capacity to develop rapidly in future periods. The findings show that harmonization of indicators of diversity and uniformity, changeability and stability in sectoral structure forms a structural precondition for the development of national economy. These indicators can be used by bodies of state governance in the process of devising strategy of accelerated development of economy in general and its industries.

State Governance of Coal Mining Industry towards Sustainable Development in Vietnam

Coal is one of the most precious mineral resource, mining and mineral processing contributesto the economic development. In Vietnam, coal mining industry is economically profitable. However, thisindustry shows several disadvantages such as low productivity, wasting resources, negative environmentalimpact. Therefore, the State of Vietnam need to improve the coal mining governance to raise revenues,avoid wasting resources and meet the requirements of sustainable development. The paper aims toevaluate State governance of coal mining industry in Vietnam, and shows the advantages anddisadvantages of this governance. Therefore, this paper proposes the strategies and solutions to improvecoal mining governance in Vietnam towards sustainable development. The structure of the paper includes:(i) Literature review of the importance and requirements of state governance of coal mining industrytowards sustainable development; (ii) State governance of coal mining industry in Vietnam; (iii) Proposalsto improve State governance of coal mining industry towards sustainable development in Vietnam.

Troska o człowieka i ojczyznę – drogowskazy Kardynała Augusta Hlonda z lat 1945–1948

Concern about the People and the Mother Country: The Beacons of Cardinal August Hlond from 1945–1948 The life and the activity of Primate Cardinal August Hlond (1881–1948) continuously inspires the search, analysis, and discovery of the meaning of his teachings and his mission within the Church and the society. The return of Cardinal August Hlond to Poland on July 20th1945 was expected to strengthen the nation’s spirit and religious belief in the new post-war reality. His concern about the revival of the mother country and about building state governance on the basis of moral principles and human rights can be seen in all his undertakings. He offered education and care to families and young people. The Christian upbringing of young people, the growth of Catholic youth organizations, the presence of Christian values in school curricula and in secular organizations involved in education –these were the matters he supported and fostered. He was focused on the development of various forms of spiritual life. He responded to the then current problems of religious and community life. As he pursued various measures to these ends, despite the difficulties he encountered, he believed in a mature society of well-educated citizens. Therefore, it seems reasonable to interpret the thoughts of Cardinal Hlond regarding the human being –within the period from 1945 to 1948 –as a person open to transcendence, to infinity (personal subjectivity and their spiritual life), to a person within a family (a family as a community of individuals) and within the society (the national community).

Governance of Energy Innovations

Innovation plays an important role in the transition towards a more sustainable energy system. The law is often thought of as an inhibiting factor for innovation. However, legal provisions may also serve to promote innovation. Laws which stipulate favourable conditions for renewable energy sources are an obvious example. Finally, existing laws will often not be suited to accommodate a new technology or business model, and the legislator may be slow in reacting to these new challenges. This increases the importance of government agencies as well as non-state governance.Therefore, a closer look at the governance of innovations in the energy sector seems warranted. This chapter will investigate how the legislator, regulatory agencies and private standard-setting bodies are responding to three different energy innovations: new renewable energy sources, new storage systems and smart grids. This chapter will serve not only to analyse commonalities and differences in the approach, but also to identify best practices.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMBELI TANAH YANG KEHILANGAN HAK AKIBAT JUAL BELI ATAS TANAH YANG PERNAH MENJADI OBJEK SENGKETA PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA [LEGAL PROTECTION FOR LAND BUYERS WHO LOSE RIGHTS AS A RESULT OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF LAND THAT WAS ONCE AN OBJECT OF A DISPUTE IN THE STATE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT]

<p>The land was the state's authority to govern the giving and use of land to the people so that the land would be used for the greatest measure of civic prosperity requiring a sure law and protection of the law among peoples. While wisdom regarding land civilty governed by the state exists in reality often does not establish order and certainty of law. For example the case example on ruling Supreme Court number 658 PK/Pdt/2017 in the two hedges of the same land as the different rights, Dirman was using the building rights and John as his property which turned John's property into an object of dispute at the State Enterprises Court. How can legal protection be provided for land buyers who lost their rights through land sale that was once an object of national governance court dispute at the State Enterprises Court? How would the deed of ownership of the deed of the land deed be formed between bacce and Gunadi and Gunadi and John? The authors examine the problem using normative legal methods and use interviews as backup data. Studies reveal that legal protection is obtained if land buyers can prove their rights in court and Land deed deed official only responsible for the purchase papers made between Gunadi and John because they were consciously created that the land was in dispute over the state governance court.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>Tanah merupakan kewenangan Negara untuk mengatur pemberian dan penggunaan tanah kepada masyarakat agar tanah dimanfaatkan bagi pencapaian sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat dengan tuntutan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum antar masyarakat. Meskipun kebijaksanaan mengenai kemanfaatan tanah yang diatur oleh negara ada tetap saja dalam realita sering tidak terjadinya ketertiban dan kepastian hukum. Seperti contoh kasus pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 658 PK/Pdt/2017 yaitu terbitnya dua sertipikat atas tanah yang sama dengan hak yang berbeda, Dirman Pardosi dengan Hak Guna Bangunan dan John dengan Hak Miliknya yang ternyata tanah milik John sedang menjadi objek sengketa di PTUN. Bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli tanah yang kehilangan hak akibat jual beli atas tanah yang pernah menjadi objek sengketa PTUN? Bagaimana bentuk tanggung jawab PPAT terhadap akta jual beli yang dibuat antara Bacce dengan Gunadi dan Gunadi dengan John Tandiari? Penulis meneliti masalah tersebut dengan menggunakan metode hukum normatif dan menggunakan wawancara sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlindungan hukum akan didapatkan jika pembeli tanah dapat membuktikan hak mereka di Pengadilan dan PPAT bertanggung jawab hanya pada akta jual beli yang dibuat antara Gunadi dan John karena dibuat secara sadar bahwa tanah sedang dalam sengketa PTUN.</p>

Counter-narrating: Re-constructing “Sita” in Amish's Sita: Warrior of Mithila

Counter-narration re-casts existing narratives and foregrounds the marginalised by giving them agency and performativity. They are narratives that challenge and provide resistance against dominant and hegemonic grand narratives which have been instrumental in formulating a social ideology over a long period of time making them normative. The Ramayana, an ancient epic is a multi-layered story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita and their role in the politics of power, state and patriarchy. It is a grand or master narrative that presupposes the passivity of the female as normative. It portrays Sita, King Rama’s wife, as someone who experiences marginalization and oppression and is a victim of the dominant narrative of patriarchy. This paper will use the theory of counternarrative and analyse Amish Tripathi’s novel Sita: Warrior of Mithila (2017) in order to show how he has recast Sita deconstructing the myth of passivity. Here, Sita resists prescriptive norms of the dominant narrative, wherein she has been projected as the silent receptor and problematizes the patriarchal ideology propagated through the master narrative. This paper will show how counter storytelling or counter narrating by Amish Tripathi has challenged and defied the narrative silence and hegemony in The Ramayana, while making the female powerful and capable in education, warfare and state governance.

Analysis of the legal sources of the introduction of basic socialist values in the "Law on insurance"

The main socialist values are the soul of socialist legal construction. The introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for maintaining a combination of State governance on a legal basis and State governance on the basis of moral norms, and this is an important way to strengthen the construction of basic socialist values. The promotion of the introduction of basic socialist values into legislation has become an important measure for the introduction of basic socialist values into the construction of law and order and an important way of implementing basic socialist values. From the point of view of the rule of law, upholding the basic socialist values in laws and regulations undoubtedly requires the transformation and elevation of basic values, such as politics and moral norms, to the level of legal norms, so that they can receive a source and normative characteristic of justice, execution and protection.However, from the point of view of judicial practice and social reality in China, there are other types of norms that serve as the basis for court decisions and the normative basis for the behavior of the subject. Therefore, the “Insurance Law” as the basic law in the fi eld of traditional commercial law, the introduction of basic socialist values developed by a legal source based on the central position of the legislator, and should be based on the Constitution of the Civil Code of China. Here is about the fact that the constitution is the main right and dominant in the legal system of any countryThe content “The state supports the basic socialist values” was added to article 24 “Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”, adopted on March 11, 2018. So that the basic socialist values are raised to the level and height of constitutional norms, and, thus, the defense of the basic socialist values has the highest legal force of the constitution. The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is guided by the “Constitution”, and in article 1 “the task of legislation” further proposes and requires “the promotion of socialist core values” and accepts the integration of the civil and commercial codes as a legislative tradition and legislative style.This is what provides the normative basis of the legal source for the introduction of the Law on Insurance into the basic socialist values. Principles and institutions, as the main forms of manifestation of law in the source of law, have also become two fi elds in which the basic socialist values are integrated into the Law on Insurance. Field integration at the level of basic principles should be mainly based on the principle of good faith, but based on the characteristics of insurance activity and insurance management, the overall integrity of the core values should be raised to the highest level of maximum integrity in order to offer a higher degree of honesty to insurance entities.Integration at the level of institutions requires not only the concretization of the principle of maximum integrity, but also the integration of basic values, such as freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, into specifi c institutions in order to offer norms of behavior and justice for insurance entities and judicial authorities from the level of a legal source. In addition, from the position of judges in the center of justice, from the legal source, the introduction of basic socialist values has certain disadvantages, therefore, other types of norms besides legal sources should be introduced, such as appropriate judicial explanations about the Insurance Law, in this general fi eld, to help correct the shortcomings of the Insurance Law in the legal source, the full manifestation and implementation of the guiding and guiding role of the basic socialist values in the insurance legislation and insurance practice of China, the effective normalization and leadership of the healthy development of the insurance industry in China, as well as the demonstration and implementation of the contribution of insurance to the socialist economic order of China, and serves as a "stabilizer" of public order.