scholarly journals Organic farming practices in a desert habitat increased the abundance, richness, and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ♣

2020 ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Kutty Mullath ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Byju N. Govindan ◽  
Laila Al Dhaheri ◽  
Sarah Symanczik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Native Plant

Agricultural practices are known to affect the diversity and efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in improving overall plant performance. In the present study we aimed to compare the abundance, richness, and diversity of AMF communities under organic farming of a desert ecosystem in the Arabian Peninsula with those of an adjacent conventional farming system and native vegetation. In total, 12 sites, including six plant species, were sampled from both farming systems and the native site. Spore morphotyping revealed 24 AMF species, with 21 species in the organic farming system, compared to 14 species in the conventional site and none from rhizosphere soil of a native plant (Tetraena qatarensis). The AMF spore abundance, species richness, and Shannon–Weaver diversity index were high under organic farming. In both systems, the AMF community composition and abundance associated with different crops followed similar trends, with pomegranates having the highest values followed by limes, grapes, mangoes, and lemons. Our results show that organic farming in such a desert ecosystem promotes AMF diversity. These data imply that AMF might play an important role in the sustainable production of food in resource-limited desert habitats.

Effects of temperature rise (+5°C) on millet growth and mycorrhization and soil microbial community of culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Diatta ◽  
Hassna Mboup-Founoune ◽  
Sidy Diakhaté ◽  
Diégane Diouf
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Vegetation Growth

<p>Our planet is marked by significant climatic variations, particularly with the warming of temperatures and the variation in rainfall. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impacts of climate change are more pronounced because agriculture is highly dependent on climate, hence its vulnerability to climate variability (Vanluwe et al., 2011). In the context of changing environmental conditions, the use of innovative agricultural practices to contribute to plant adaptation is necessary to support food security challenges. Agroecological practices to improve crop yields and sustainable soil fertility management. Soil is the main reservoir of biodiversity as it hosts a very high diversity of interacting living species, which can be distinguished according to their size, macrofauna, mesofauna and microorganisms that constitute a particularly important component of soil (Brady and Weil, 2002), particularly for the provision of ecosystem services to humans. This work is therefore interested in studying the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the growth of millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>) under warmer temperature conditions and the behaviour of microbial community in soil of millet growing.</p><p>Millet is grown in a plant climate chamber and inoculated with a selected mycorrhizal strain.  These millet growing conditions were carried out in two different temperatures: 32°C (normal temperature) and 37°C (warmer temperature).</p><p>The results showed that in conditions of warmer temperature the inoculation induced a significant vegetative growth of millet even with a low intensity of mycorrhization and so it improves microbial nutrient mineralization mediate vegetation growth.</p><p>In soil of millet growing, a significant increase in microbial biomass with 42.7 in warmer temperature condition compared to control temperature 16.7. Results of DGGE shows also a soil abundance and SMB diversity of the total fungal community was noted under warmer temperature condition.</p><p>This study showed that climate variation may affect soil symbiosis but not the potential for promoting plant growth of fungi. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the one hand as a biofertilizer can be an alternative in the context of reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and developing ecologically intensive agriculture (EIA) and on the other hand an adaptive practice  to apprehend the predicted climate changes.</p>

scholarly journals Biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Araucaria angustifolia forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Moreira ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Sandra Maria Gomes-da-Costa ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. is an endangered Brazilian coniferous tree that has been almost exterminated in the native areas because of uncontrolled wood exploitation. This tree has been shown to be highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and, therefore, AMF may be essential for forest sustainability and biological diversity. Root colonization, density and diversity of AMF spores were assessed in two Araucaria forest stands at the State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), at two sampling dates: May and October. A comparison was made between a mature native stand composed of Araucaria trees mixed into a variety of tropical trees and shrubs, without any sign of anthropogenic interference (FN) and an Araucaria stand planted in 1987 (R), which has been used as a pasture. Assessments included percent root colonization, AMF spore numbers and species richness, Simpson's dominance index (Is), and Shannon's diversity index (H). Mycorrhizal root colonization did not differ between ecosystems in May. In October, however, the native stand (FN) presented a higher colonization than the planted forest (R), and the root colonization was more intense than in May. When considering both sampling periods and forests, 27 species of AM fungi, with higher numbers of spores in FN than in R were found. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) indicated Shannon's diversity index as the ecological attribute that contributed the most to distinguish between forest ecosystems, with higher value of H in FN in relation to R. CDA showed to be a useful tool for the study of ecological attributes.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Oecologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Ewald Sieverding ◽  
Paul M�der ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
Kurt Ineichen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in organic farming systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
王强 WANG Qiang ◽  
王茜 WANG Qian ◽  
王晓娟 WANG Xiaojuan ◽  
张亮 ZHANG Liang ◽  
张云飞 ZHANG Yunfei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

scholarly journals Plant health status effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula intermedia infected by Phytoplasma in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie- Noëlle Binet ◽  
Camille Marchal ◽  
Justine Lipuma ◽  
Roberto A. Geremia ◽  
Olivier Bagarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Amf Communities

AbstractWe investigated root communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in relation to lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia) health status from organic and conventional fields affected by Phytoplasma infection. The intensity of root mycorrhizal colonization was significantly different between diseased and healthy plants and was higher in the latter regardless of agricultural practice. This difference was more pronounced in lavender. The root AMF diversity was influenced by the plant health status solely in lavender and only under the conventional practice resulting in an increase in the AMF abundance and richness. The plant health status did not influence the distribution of root AMF communities in lavandin unlike its strong impact in lavender in both agricultural practices. Finally, among the most abundant molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), four different MOTUs for each plant species were significantly abundant in the roots of healthy lavender and lavandin in either agricultural practice. Our study demonstrated that the plant health status influences root colonization and can influence the diversity and distribution of root AMF communities. Its effects vary according to plant species, can be modified by agricultural practices and allow plants to establish symbiosis with specific AMF species.

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