Revisiting the spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation of Wenshan, Yunnan Province, southwestern China

ABSTRACTThe Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation (Wenshan, Yunnan Province, southwestern China) consists of a series of continental deposits with an outstanding plant megafossil diversity. More than 20 years ago, this formation was interpreted as ‘Siegenian' (∼Pragian) in age based on palynology. However, such interpretation needs further evidence because of the known differences between the dispersed spore assemblages from South China and Euramerica/northwestern Gondwana. Here, we present new dispersed spore assemblages recently recovered from the Posongchong Formation. The isolated spore diversity is highly diverse, with 18 genera and 32 species. The recognised taxa include, among others, Ambitisporites avitus, Aneurospora conica, Aneurospora posongchongensis sp. nov., Aneurospora xujiachongensis, Apiculiretusispora plicata, Archaeozonotriletes chulus, Concentricosisporites agradabilis, Dibolisporites echinaceus, Emphanisporites rotatus, Gneudnaspora divellomedia, Latosporites ovalis, Retusotriletes triangulatus, Tetrahedraletes medinensis and Verrucosporites polygonalis, with Aneurospora and Retusotriletes being the most abundant forms. The known Posongchong palynoflora (previous spore data included) suggests that the Posongchong Formation assemblages can be correlated with the Pragian interval of the polygonalis–wetteldorfensis Oppel Zone (PoW). This age determination is supported by the presence of index species of PoW, such as Verrucosporites polygonalis, Dictyotriletes subgranifer and Camarozonotriletes parvus (sensu Steemans, 1989), the latter being known only from the Pragian of Belgium and Germany. Recent advances in the study of the marine faunas in the overlying sequences also indicate a Pragian age for the Posongchong Formation. This new investigation of the Posongchong palynoflora highlights differences of abundance at species level between the Gondwanan–Laurussian floras during the Early Devonian.

Ciri Morfologi Polen Dan Spora Tumbuhan Dari Sedimen Rawa Jombor Klaten

The Marsh of Jombor Klaten is a natural swamp that was once small swamps surrounded by villages and hills located in the lower mainland and serves to hold rainwater. Environmental has changed from the lowlands into the aquatic environmentand the more widespread the diversity of types of flora around the Swamp Jombor has been changed.The diversity of types of flora can be known through the morphology of the pollen and spores. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of plant species based on morphology of pollen and spores found in Swamp sediment Jombor. Sampling is done by drilling sedimentary soil clays Swamp Jombor on three points with the first location code RWJ (3) at a depth of 2 m situated around the keramba, the second code RWJ (4) at a depth of 1.5 m, and third code RWJ (5) at a depth of 0.35 m located around the inlet.The sample preparation using method asetolisis, then morphological characteristics observed pollen and spores. Calculated the number of each type of pollen and spores.The data obtained were analyzed using pollen and spore morphology of description. The data obtained were analyzed using pollen morphology characteristics and description of the spores found in the swamp Jombor. The results showed that the morphology of the pollen and spores found in Swamp sediment Jombor has a variation of shapes and sizes. The flora type obtained from the sediments Swamp Jombor as much as 28 type, including 8 typearboreal pollen (AP), 9 typenon arboreal pollen (NAP), and 11 type of spores. Types of flora that dominates is the NAP family Gramineae (80,10%) which indicates the plant a tree instead of in the form of shrubs or herbaceous were more developed in marsh of Jomborenvironment. Keywords: Jombor, morphology, pollen, spore, diversity.