native plant species
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NeoBiota ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ming-Chao Liu ◽  
Ting-Fa Dong ◽  
Wei-Wei Feng ◽  
Bo Qu ◽  
De-Liang Kong ◽  
...  

Many studies have attempted to test whether certain leaf traits are associated with invasive plants, resulting in discrepant conclusions that may be due to species-specificity. However, no effort has been made to test for effects of species identity on invasive-native comparisons. Here, we compared 20 leaf traits between 97 pairs of invasive and native plant species in seven disturbed sites along a southwest-to-northeast transect in China using phylogenetically controlled within-study meta-analyses. The invasive relative to the native species on average had significantly higher leaf nutrients concentrations, photosynthetic rates, photosynthetic nutrients- and energy-use efficiencies, leaf litter decomposition rates, and lower payback time and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. However, these differences disappeared when comparing weakly invasive species with co-occurring natives and when comparing invasives with co-occurring widespread dominant natives. Furthermore, the magnitudes of the differences in some traits decreased or even reversed when a random subset of strongly to moderately invasive species was excluded from the species pool. Removing rare to common natives produced the same effect, while exclusion of weakly to moderately invasives and dominant to common natives enhanced the differences. Our study indicates that the results of invasive-native comparisons are species-specific, providing a possible explanation for discrepant results in previous studies, such that we may be unable to detect general patterns regarding traits promoting exotic plant invasions through multi-species comparisons.


Symbiosis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tancredo Souza ◽  
Izabelle Cristine Barros ◽  
Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Lídia Klestadt Laurindo ◽  
Gislaine dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Laimi Erckie ◽  
Opeyemi Adedoja ◽  
Sjirk Geerts ◽  
Ernita van Wyk ◽  
J. Stephen Boatwright

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Minteer ◽  
Eutychus Kariuki ◽  
James P. Cuda

Invasive plants are non-native plant species that cause harm in their introduced range. Classical biological control of invasive plants is the use of natural enemies, imported insects and mites or pathogens, to control the target plants. This publication explains the strategies and rules in place to ensure that organisms released for the biological control of weeds are safe and effective.


Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Pickart

The invasive ecosystem engineer Ammophila arenaria, native to Europe, was first introduced to California (USA) in 1896. More than a century later, it has come to dominate coastal foredune vegetation on the west coast of North America to the near exclusion of native species. A. arenaria builds a narrow, steep, peaked, and densely vegetated foredune, in contrast to the broad, more sparsely vegetated foredunes built by the native Elymus mollis. As such, it has modified dune processes by fixing the foredune and disrupting exchange of sediment between the beach, foredune, and dunefield. In the 1930s the congener A. breviligulata, native to the east coast and Great Lakes USA, was first introduced to Oregon, and has been displacing A. arenaria in southern Washington. Ammophila spp. have drastically reduced biodiversity, outcompeting native plant species, and displacing both invertebrate and vertebrate species. Restoration of west coast dunes through the removal of Ammophila began in the 1990s. Methods usually consist of one or a combination of manual digging, burning/herbicides, or excavation with heavy equipment. There are benefits and disadvantages to each method. Manual removal has proven most effective at restoring foredune form and process but is expensive. Excavation and herbicides may result in the loss of foredune morphology. Managers must articulate goals carefully before selecting restoration methods.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2545
Author(s):  
Kaitlynn Lavallee ◽  
Pushpa Gautam Soti ◽  
Hansapani Rodrigo ◽  
Rupesh Kariyat ◽  
Alexis Racelis

The incorporation of native plant species is central to restoration efforts, but this is often limited by both the availability of seeds and the relatively low viability and germination rates of commercially available seeds. Although pre-sowing treatments are commonly used to improve germination rates of seeds, the efficacy of these treatments is found to vary across species. In this study, we tested how four pre-sow treatments (physical scarification, acid scarification, cold stratification, and aerated hydropriming) affected the viability and seed germination rates of 12 commercially available plant species native to south Texas and commonly used in restoration efforts. Our results show that the viability of the seeds have a wide range, from 78% to 1.25%. Similarly, the total germination rate ranged from 62% to 0%. We found that pre-sowing treatments accelerated the germination rate in 9 of 12 plant species tested, but the effect varied by treatment. Collectively, our results identify various methods to achieve the best germination rates for native plants of south Texas, to help improve restoration efforts across the region.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Vilma Gudyniene ◽  
Sigitas Juzenas ◽  
Vaclovas Stukonis ◽  
Egle Norkeviciene

Hydroseeding is a convenient, low-cost way to plant seeds. Traditionally, fast-growing commercial species that are cheap to obtain are preferred in hydroseeding, while native species have limited use. Nowadays, the use of native species is often desired in revegetation projects. However, there is a paucity of information about hydroseeding native species in Northern areas of Europe. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether hydroseeding has any effects on native plant cover formation, species richness and abundance, the development of plant morphological features, or aboveground biomass. A total of 40 native plant species in Lithuania were sowed using hydroseeding and regular seeding. The experimental plots were assessed for two years. The results show a relatively small and short positive effect of hydroseeding on plant cover formation. No significant differences were found in species richness between the sowing treatments. However, a comparison of species composition revealed significant differences between the sowing treatments that were more associated with species abundance than species diversity. Hydroseeding was favoured by legume species, such as Onobrychis viciifolia, Ononis arvensis, Lotus corniculatus, and Trifolium medium, while Festuca rubra favoured the regular seeding treatment. Overall, our findings emphasize that legume species that display more competitive growth traits should be included in the seed mixture in lower proportions when hydroseeding is applied.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Bily ◽  
Ekaterina V. Nikolaeva ◽  
Tracey Olson ◽  
Seogchan Kang

To document the distribution of potentially harmful Phytophthora spp. within Pennsylvania (PA), the PA Department of Agriculture collected 89 plant, 137 soil, and 48 water samples at 64 forested sites from 2018 to 2020. In total, 231 Phytophthora strains were isolated using baiting assays and identified based on morphological characteristics and sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Twenty-one Phytophthora spp. in nine clades and one unidentified species were present. Phytophthora abietivora, a recently described clade 7a species, was recovered from diseased tissue of 10 native broadleaved plants and twice from soil from 12 locations. Phytophthora abietivora is most likely endemic to PA based on pathogenicity tests on six native plant species, intraspecific genetic diversity, wide distribution, and recoveries from Abies Mill. and Tsuga Carrière plantations dating back to 1989. Cardinal temperatures and morphological traits are provided for this species. Other taxa, in decreasing order of frequency, include P. chlamydospora, P. plurivora, P. pini, P. cinnamomi, P. xcambivora, P. irrigata, P. gonapodyides, P. cactorum, P. pseudosyringae, P. hydropathica, P. stricta, P. xstagnum, P. caryae, P. intercalaris, Phytophthora ‘bitahaiensis’, P. heveae, P. citrophthora, P. macilentosa, P. cryptogea, and P. riparia. Twelve species were associated with diseased plant tissues. This survey documented 53 new plant-Phytophthora associations and expanded the known distribution of some species.


HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Runshi Xie ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Mengmeng Gu ◽  
Stacey R. Jones ◽  
James Robbins ◽  
...  

Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae Kuwana) is an invasive insect that was first discovered in the United States in 2004. The polyphagous feeding habit of CMBS has allowed it to infest a wide range of plant species beyond its primary host, Lagerstroemia. Using molecular approaches, we studied the genetic relationships between CMBS specimens and their hosts from different geographic locations. Naturally occurring CMBS infestations were confirmed on American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.), a native plant species in the United States, and spirea (Spiraea L.). The new infestation of CMBS found on Spiraea raises the alarm that other economically important crops in the Amygdaloideae subfamily (subfamily under Rosaceae) might be susceptible to CMBS attacks.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Hajihashemi ◽  
Shakiba Rajabpoor ◽  
Marian Brestic

Abstract Mining activity is one main source of heavy metal pollution. In this study, Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Gd, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr were measured by ICP-OES analyzing of the soils taken in the Dehmadan mining area, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. Al, Fe, Cu, Si and Zn were the most frequent metals in the mining area. Phytoremediation is one of the eco-friendly methods to effectively remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals. Consequently, the wild plants were collected from the mining area and subjected to ICP-OES analysis to determine the elements concentrations. A reverse relation was observed between the metals concentrations and vegetation density in the mining area. Finally, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of the root and shoot, and translocation factor (TF) were determined to assess phytoremediation potential of species. The shoot elements concentrations in combination with BCF and TF greater than 1 were assess to determine hyperaccumulators and plants with excluder potential. Overall, the results showed that BCF in parallel with TF and metals concentrations can advance the knowledge of recognizing hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation of polluted environment.


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