The Potential of Conversion of Sea Wave Energy to Electric Energy: The Performance of Central Sulawesi West Sea using Oscillating Water Column Technology

With seas area of 70% larger than land, Indonesia encourages the potential for marine energy as an alternative to renewable energy. One of the technologies developed to utilize ocean energy is the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). The OWC method can convert ocean wave energy by using an oscillation column directing wave energy through the OWC door opening to generate electricity. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the waves utilized in West Central Sulawesi’s seas region include Alindau beach, Marana beach, and Kaliburu beach. Based on wave forecasting using wind data for five years, the maximum wave height for five years is 0.20 m. Estimated power from the calculation results obtained a rate significant with an efficiency level of 11.97%. Alindau is a potential location to develop wave energy.

Mathematical and Engineering Aspects of Chemically Reactive Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid over a Cone and Plate with Mixed Convection

Current disquisition is expressed to elucidate the mathematical and engineering aspects of tangent hyperbolic liquid over a cone and plate which has valuable applications in industrial technological instruments such as cone and plate viscometer, spinning column technology, and biomass pyrolysis processing. The role of mixed convection and chemical reaction on physical features of fluid is considered. The attained coupled system is scrutinized by the aid of self-coded shooting method. In order to produce accuracy and refinement in the consequences, the coefficients of Runge–Kutta scheme are obliged. To get complete intellect about the current pagination, the impact of flow controlling variables on pertinent profiles are evaluated in quantitative and qualitative manner. The computations of wall drag force and heat and mass fluxes are presented pictorially and tabularly. From the thorough analysis, it is deduced that surface drag and convective thermal coefficient for cone is more in magnitude compared with those of plate. Similarly, dominance in thermal field is noted for cone compare with that in plate. Increment of velocity profile is revealed with enhancement in mixed convection parameter, whereas contrasting behavior is observed by varying Williamson and magnetic field parameters. Declining aptitude in thermal profile is exhibited against Prandtl number, whereas temperature of fluid mounts by changing the Brownian movement and thermophoresis parameters.

Selective and Sensitive UHPLC Method for the Trace Analysis of Formaldehyde in Drug Substance Using Fused-core Column Technology and Detailed Pre-column Derivatization study

Background: Formaldehyde is a key intermediate/reagent in the synthesis of many significant pharmaceutical compounds. It is genotoxic as it interacts with the DNA, RNA and hence there is a pressing need to develop sensitive analytical methods for its trace level determination. Objective: The present study aims to develop a simple and robust Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UHPLC) method for the trace level quantification of a carcinogen-formaldehyde, in pharmaceutical drug substance. Methods: This method was developed on a conventional pre-column derivatization technique with brady’s reagent followed by fast analysis on fused core C18 Ascentis Express (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) column using ultraviolet (UV) detection. Optimization of the derivatization reaction time was conducted in different pH conditions. The optimized analytical method was fully validated in accordance with the current international conference on harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines, which demonstrated the developed method to be fast, specific, linear, sensitive, repeatable, accurate and convenient for routine quality control. Results: The developed method was linear, accurate and precise in the concentration of 12.8 ng/mL to 510.7 ng/mL. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 3.8 ng/mL and 12.8 ng/mL respectively. Conclusion: The developed UHPLC can be used effectively for trace level quantification of formaldehyde in drug substances or drug products.