instrumentation amplifier
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YMER Digital ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Sinthia P ◽  
◽  
M Malathi ◽  
S Nagarajan ◽  
Anitha Juiette ◽  
...  

One of the deep and painful involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle is muscle cramp which takes place during various other conditions. The origin for the cramps that occur during or soon after exercise and the appropriate remedies continue to prove uncertain. Soon after an implant process and forceful workout, past voluntary dehydration cramps occur at many sections. The process of identifying the type of cramp is time consuming and treatment process to cramps is also quite tedious. If not treated at the right time, Muscle cramps may cause vigorous side effects and worsening in day to day physiological activities. The main motive of this vest is to locate and identify the cramp and alert so that further injury can be detected. It would also be helpful in preventing the person from further muscular cramps and other complications. EMG signals which are obtained from adhesive electrodes are amplified by using IC741 (op-amp) with instrumentation amplifier configuration.LM35 temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature at specified locations. Wherever the cramp occurring possibilities are high. Flex sensor is used to identify the abnormal contraction and relaxation muscles in upper limbs. The three input bio potential signals are fed to the micro controller (Arduino UNO). The main objective of this system is to provide a comfortable vest which would monitor the cramps occurring in athletes whenever it occurs. Therefore with the help of this wearable device muscle cramps occurring at upper limbs can be detected and further injuries, complications such as fractures can be reduced.


Author(s):  
Issa Sabiri ◽  
Hamid Bouyghf ◽  
Abdelhadi Raihani ◽  
Brahim Ouacha

Analog integrated circuits for biomedical applications require good performance. This paper presents an instrumentation amplifier (IA) design based on three complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) conveyors with an active resistor. This circuit offers the possibility to control the gain by voltage and current. We have designed the IA to minimize the parasitic resistance (Rx) with large bandwidth and high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) using the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). The topology is simulated using 0.35µm CMOS technology parameters. The optimization problem is represented by an objective function that will be implemented using MATLAB script. The results were approved by the simulation using the advanced design system (ADS) tool. The simulation results were compared to the characteristics of some other instrumentation amplifiers exsisting in the literature. The circuit has a higher CMRR than other topologies.


Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Jung-Chuan Chou ◽  
Yu-Hao Huang ◽  
Po-Yu Kuo ◽  
Chih-Hsien Lai ◽  
Yu-Hsun Nien ◽  
...  

In this research, we proposed a potentiometric sensor based on copper doped zinc oxide (CZO) films to detect glucose. Silver nanowires were used to improve the sensor’s average sensitivity, and we used the low power consumption instrumentation amplifier (UGFPCIA) designed by our research group to measure the sensing characteristics of the sensor. It was proved that the sensor performs better when using this system. In order to observe the stability of the sensor, we also studied the influence of two kinds of non-ideal effects on the sensor, such as the drift effect and the hysteresis effect. For this reason, we chose to combine the calibration readout circuit with the voltage-time (V-T) measurement system to optimize the measurement environment and successfully reduced the instability of the sensor. The drift rate was reduced by about 51.1%, and the hysteresis rate was reduced by 13% and 28% at different measurement cycles. In addition, the characteristics of the sensor under dynamic conditions were also investigated, and it was found that the sensor has an average sensitivity of 13.71 mV/mM and the linearity of 0.998 at a flow rate of 5.6 μL/min.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Carrillo ◽  
Miguel A. Dominguez ◽  
Raquel Perez-Aloe ◽  
J. Francisco Duque-Carrillo ◽  
Guido Torelli

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7486
Author(s):  
Graciano Dieck-Assad ◽  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Delgado ◽  
Omar Israel González Peña

CMOS microelectronics design has evolved tremendously during the last two decades. The evolution of CMOS devices to short channel designs where the feature size is below 1000 nm brings a great deal of uncertainty in the way the microelectronics design cycle is completed. After the conceptual idea, developing a thinking model to understand the operation of the device requires a good “ballpark” evaluation of transistor sizes, decision making, and assumptions to fulfill the specifications. This design process has iterations to meet specifications that exceed in number of the available degrees of freedom to maneuver the design. Once the thinking model is developed, the simulation validation follows to test if the design has a good possibility of delivering a successful prototype. If the simulation provides a good match between specifications and results, then the layout is developed. This paper shows a useful open science strategy, using the Excel software, to develop CMOS microelectronics hand calculations to verify a design, before performing the computer simulation and layout of CMOS analog integrated circuits. The full methodology is described to develop designs of passive components, as well as CMOS amplifiers. The methods are used in teaching CMOS microelectronics to students of electronic engineering with industrial partner participation. This paper describes an exhaustive example of a low-voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) design which is used to design an instrumentation amplifier. Finally, a test is performed using this instrumentation amplifier to implement a front-end signal conditioning device for CMOS-MEMS biomedical applications.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeni Liao ◽  
Jianxiong Yang ◽  
Kangling ◽  
Minjuan Zheng ◽  
Miin-Shyue Shiau ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Thanh Pham ◽  
Quoc Bao Bo ◽  
Manh Kha Hoang ◽  
Van Thai Le ◽  
Loan Pham-Nguyen

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