A Novel Enhanced Russell Graph Efficiency Measure in Network DEA

Hitherto, the presented models for measuring the efficiency score of multi-stage decision-making units (DMUs) either are nonlinear or require to specify the weights for combining their divisional efficiencies. The nonlinearity leads to high computational complexity for these models, especially when used for problems with enormous dimensions, and also assigning various weights to the divisional efficiencies causes to obtain different efficiency scores for the multi-stage network system. To tackle these problems, this study contributes to network DEA by introducing a novel enhanced Russell graph (ERG) efficiency measure for evaluating the general two-stage series network structures. Then, the proposed model is extended into the general multi-stage series network structures. This study also describes the managerial and economic implications of measuring the efficiency score of the multi-stage DMUs and provides two numerical and empirical examples for illustrating the use of our proposed model.

Environmental efficiency of Xiangjiang River in China: a data envelopment analysis cross-efficiency approach

PurposeEnvironmental performance becomes a key issue for the sustainable development. Recently, incremental information technology is adopted to collect environmental data and improve environmental performance. Previous environmental efficiency measures mainly focus on individual decision-making units (DMUs). Benefited from the information technology, this paper develops a new environmental efficiency measure to explore the implicit alliances among DMUs and applies it to Xiangjiang River.Design/methodology/approachThis study formulates a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) environmental cross-efficiency measure that considers DMUs' alliances. Each DMUs' alliance is formulated by the DMUs who are supervised by the same manager. In cross-efficiency evaluation context, this paper adopts DMUs' alliances rather than individual DMUs to derive the environmental cross-efficiency measure considering undesirable outputs. Furthermore, the Tobit regression is conducted to analyze the influence of exogenous factors about the environmental cross-efficiency.FindingsThe findings show that (1) Chenzhou performs the best while Xiangtan performed the worst along Xiangjiang River. (2) The environmental efficiency of cities in Xiangjiang River is generally low. Increasing public budgetary expenditure can improve environmental efficiency of cities. (3) The larger the alliance size, the higher environmental efficiency. (4) The income level is negatively correlated with environmental efficiency, indicating that the economy is at the expense of the environment in Xiangjiang River.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to developing a new environmental DEA cross-efficiency measure considering DMUs' alliance, and combining DEA cross-efficiency and Tobit regression in environmental performance measurement of Xiangjiang River. This paper examines the exogenous factors that have influences on environmental efficiency of Xiangjiang River and derive policy implications to improve the sustainable operation.

The Covid-19 Pandemic as The Basis for Termination of Employment in Indonesia, Between Force Majeure or Efficiency (Analysis of Decision Number: 781 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2021)

The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic caused a health crisis and caused economic disruption, one of which was companies experiencing decreased sales or orders, decreased revenues, increased losses, and even company closures. One of the steps taken by the company is to terminate the employment relationship (PHK), which often causes debate about the terms and compensation for the layoffs received by workers. Things that are often debated include whether the layoffs due to the Covid-19 pandemic were carried out based on force majeure or efficiency. This research was conducted to determine how the layoffs are arranged due to force majeure and efficiency and to determine the views of the panel of judges who examined cases of industrial relations disputes in Decision Number 781 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2021. This study uses a normative juridical method with descriptive characteristics, which uses primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the labor law both before and after the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation provides space for employers to carry out layoffs based on force majeure or efficiency, and there are significant differences in arrangements before and after the enactment of the Job Creation Act. The view of the Panel of Judges in case Number 781 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2021, there is a need for a causal relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and conditions that force employers to lay off workers. If causality cannot be proven, layoffs are an efficiency measure to reduce the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

PENGEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN STANDAR BIAYA MASUKAN (SBM): BIAYA KONSUMSI KEGIATAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN

There is no specific regulation in input cost standard regarding the consumption costs of education and training activities causing a high variation in the allocation of unit costs in the consumption. This study aims to determine the need and urgency of special arrangements for education and training consumption costs. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with data sourced from budget work plans and interviews with several education and training units. The results showed that the unit compiles the allocation costs by referring to one meeting consumption unit as the highest limit. The unit requires special arrangements for training consumption costs. The recommendation from this study is that the regulation of consumption costs for training activities is given at a maximum of 80% of the unit cost of meeting consumption. This arrangement will answer the needs of the unit in making a cost reference, as an efficiency measure and establishing a similarity allocation.

Minimum Time for the Evolution to a Nonorthogonal Quantum State and Upper Bound of the Geometric Efficiency of Quantum Evolutions

We present a simple proof of the fact that the minimum time TAB for quantum evolution between two arbitrary states A and B equals TAB=ℏcos−1A|B/ΔE with ΔE being the constant energy uncertainty of the system. This proof is performed in the absence of any geometrical arguments. Then, being in the geometric framework of quantum evolutions based upon the geometry of the projective Hilbert space, we discuss the roles played by either minimum-time or maximum-energy uncertainty concepts in defining a geometric efficiency measure ε of quantum evolutions between two arbitrary quantum states. Finally, we provide a quantitative justification of the validity of the inequality ε≤1 even when the system only passes through nonorthogonal quantum states.

Measuring the Efficiency of Football Clubs Using Data Envelopment Analysis: Empirical Evidence From Spanish Professional Football

Professional football clubs have a special characteristic not shared by other types of companies: their sport performance (on the field) is important, in addition to their financial performance (off the field). The aim of this paper is to calculate an efficiency measure using a model that combines performance (sport and economic) based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main factors affecting teams’ efficiency levels are investigated using cluster analysis. For a sample of Spanish football clubs, the findings indicate that clubs achieved a relatively high efficiency level for the period studied, and that the oldest teams with the most assets had the highest efficiency scores. These results could help club managers to improve the performance of their teams.

Devising Classes of Energy Efficiency Measure for Evaluating Pay-4-Performance Rate That Energy Provider Will Be Willing to Offer in Pay-4-Performance Scheme

This study provides an estimation of pay-4-performance (P4P) rates that energy providers are willing to offer in a P4P scheme in EU according to the classification of Energy efficiency measures (classes of EEMs). Seven different categories of EEMs are identified and 4 different tables for evaluating the EEMs are devised. After devising the classes of EEMs, the P4P rate concept is presented through the mechanism of the Energy Efficiency obligation schemes and considering the energy providers’ perspective. The proposed approach is not focused on quantifying the P4P rates, but on identifying which variables and parameters can affect these rates.