La protección al whistleblower: retos para la implementación en España.

La trasposición de la Directiva europea 2019/1937, sobre protección a las personas que denuncian incumplimientos del derecho de la Unión, aunque recoge en su articulado las mejores prácticas internacionales, supone un reto de implementación enorme. El artículo trata de explicar las más importantes demandas organizativas, financieras y de gobernanza que genera su implantación. Con ello, se recupera el foco en la implementación de políticas como un área que merece la atención de las policy sciences. En este estudio de caso, basado en experiencia empírica internacional y en encuestas propias, se demuestra que, a pesar de las normas, para alcanzar un mínimo éxito en la protección al alertador, es preciso considerar variables como la complejidad del tema, la multiplicidad de actores, la amplitud de las posibles demandas, la dualidad de sistemas internos y externos, públicos y privados, y la heterogeneidad de espacios de protección y sanción.

The Populations' Resilience Toward the Policymaking Discrepancies in the Pandemic Covid-19 Period

The world is in the midst of a crisis unlike any other in recent memory. COVID-19 is a pandemic that is urgent, global in scope, and has huge consequences. The policy sciences provide insights into unfolding trends, and this article uses the lessons of the literature to better understanding the policymaking shifts and population acceptability of COVID-19. The author attempts to investigate how policymakers' emotions and narratives affect policy decisions and form policymaker-population relationships. The author addresses policymaking processes, transitions, interpretations of policy responses, policy implementation through multilateral topics and evaluating policy progress and failure. Trust is linked to cultural norms, values, and faiths in policy literature, and it is seen as a component of key social and economic policy outcomes. The author ends by identifying understudied facets of policymaking that need to be addressed during pandemics.

Leveraging Biodiversity Action From Plural Values: Transformations of Governance Systems

In this paper, we argue that leveraging plural values into action for biodiversity requires a focus on transforming the biodiversity governance system. We draw on Donella Meadows’ concept of Leverage Points, which outlines the “depth” of intervention in order to shift a system toward sustainability. Engaging with deep leverage points (system intent and goals) is argued to lead to greater transformation than engaging with shallow leverage points (system design and materials). We outline how embracing plural values of biodiversity requires changes at deeper systems properties within governance systems to create space to reflect diversity in values and knowledge systems, and move away from a focus on commodification of nature’s contributions to people. We point toward political and policy sciences to highlight frameworks and concepts for understanding governance system transformation. We conclude with a call for meaningful engagement with such sciences in ongoing research.

Theorizing the behavioral state: Resolving the theory-practice paradox of policy sciences

Traditionally, the policy sciences exhibited a paradoxical relationship to public behavior: arguing in theory that it was rational in a utilitarian sense and could be modelled as such while at the same time recognizing its irrational nature in practice without attempting to reconcile this contradiction. A recent behavioral turn among policy scholars has broken the discursive hegemony of traditional hedonic compliance-deterrence models, however, placing informal institutions such as norms, irrationalities and collective action at the center of the policy research agenda. To date there has been little theorizing of the implications of this turn for the policy-making nature of the state, as well as its extent and nature. Addressing these gaps we conduct a bibliometric review, which finds that the number of behaviorally-oriented articles on policy instruments have been increasing in number and relevance. This provides evidence of a behavioral turn in policy studies as well as documenting the emergence of a behavioral state, that is one which is more inclined to reconcile policy-making theory and practice by embracing the irrationalities of policy actors, through the creation of nudge and behavioral units across a wide range of domains, a shift in emphasis from the supply of policy to the demands of policy targets. However, the study shows the impact of this turn is geographically and sectorally uneven and will become more generalized in the future only if more states embrace this ‘turn’.