Matauranga Maori and the DIKW Hierarchy: a conversation on interfacing knowledge systems

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Matauranga Maori and the DIKW Hierarchy: a conversation on interfacing knowledge systems

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Data, Information, Evidence, and Knowledge: A Proposal for Health Informatics and Data Science

In this commentary , I revisit and modify Ackoff’s data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. I suggest to de-emphasize the wisdom part and to insert evidence between information and knowledge (DIEK). This framework defines data as raw symbols, which become information when they are contextualized. Information achieves the status of evidence in comparison to relevant standards. Evidence is used to test hypotheses and is transformed into knowledge by success and consensus. As checkpoints for the transition from evidence to knowledge I suggest relevance, robustness, repeatability, and reproducibility.

Re-evaluating the Definition of Intelligence in Business Intelligence

Objective - Business Intelligence has little bearing with graphs and dashboards of traditionally defined Business Intelligence. Rather it is all about experience and sound judgement of the person at the helm of the decision-making process. In line with this view, we evaluate and subsequently, reposition the current definition of Business Intelligence in the literature. Methodology/Technique - The initial development of the data, information, knowledge and wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy excluded intelligence and so it never questioned the accepted definition of Business Intelligence. The extended DIKIW hierarchy includes intelligence but we raise the question about the definition of intelligence in Business Intelligence. This paper positions the existing definition of Business Intelligence as Business Information instead, and so, it redefines traditional Business Intelligence. Findings – Applying the DIKIW hierarchy, the new definition of Business Intelligence is shown in equation as the transformation of "Business Data to Business Information to Business Knowledge to Business Intelligence to Business Wisdom". Novelty - The impact of the new definition of Business Intelligence is that it changes its meaning from one that belongs to information science into one that is a human behavioural science and profiling concept. It does not do away with the existing work in literature but it redefines Business Intelligence as belonging to the realm of Business Information. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Business Intelligence; DIKW hierarchy; DIKIW hierarchy; Knowledge Management; Wisdom. JEL Classification: L25, M10

Knowledge Creation

The paradox of knowledge creation is the fact that we don't know yet what knowledge is and how to deal with it from the managerial point of view. The Gordian knot of this reality is represented by the nature and understanding of the dynamics between information and knowledge. In the realm of information science and philosophy the concept of information had been introduced by C. E. Shannon as a mathematical construct in order to solve engineering communication problems. In the realm of epistemology and knowledge management, the central concept of another continuum is knowledge. The continuum is defined as the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. Information in this new continuum is not the same as information from the communication theory, and that generates a lot of confusion among researchers and practitioners. The authors present the main ideas of the DIKW hierarchy and of the centrality of knowledge.