Recent Development of Biomass Conversion using Ionic Liquid-based Processes

The amount of biomass products generated globally increases year after year. Nature produces lignocellulose, which is largely constituted of three components in the following order: cellulose (34–50%), hemicellulose (15–35%), and lignin (5–30%). A promising conversion method known as biomass conversion employs a liquid media-based process to address the issue of an abundance of biomass as waste. Converting biomass with ionic liquid (IL) can address not only environmental issues caused by the abundance of biomass waste but also generate new energy sources or new products with economical selling value. IL can be employed as a green catalyst, solvent, or electrolyte, as well as in a number of conversion processes. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-based cations are the most commonly used IL types for biomass conversion. The conversion conditions are relatively mild, consisting of a low temperature of around 95-220 °C, 1 atm, for 10–240 minutes. This paper review is expected to be a significant reference in the future for the development of other biomass conversion processes.

Big Data Analytics Strategy Framework: A Case of Crowd Management During the Hajj Pilgrimage, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

The objective of the present study was an investigation of applications of big data analytics in Hajj and Umrah for pilgrims, who come to Saudi Arabia every year for tourism and observation of religious rites as per the sacred beliefs of Islam. It has now become a necessity to see more applications of big data analytics in these pilgrimages because of the growing number of people every year. Therefore, crowd control, crowd management and conflict management are essential for reduction of stress, troubles, fatalities, accidents, theft and possible deaths during Hajj and Umrah events. Developing a predictive data analytic model for Hajj and Umrah will improve the efficiency, gross domestic product (GDP), surveillance, revenue generation, opportunities and satisfaction for the pilgrimages. In this paper, review of big data tools was presented along with their use in the decision support system and how it can be used for surveillance and crowd management. A robust big data framework applicable for Hajj and Umrah events was also presented in this paper. This was meant to aid seamless adoption and implementation of big data applications across sectors and government parastatals involved in Hajj and Umrah. The presented framework was also included all the relevant use cases related to these pilgrimages.

Synthesis of Construction Quality Assessment Model in Construction Industry

The achievement of quality is an important component in every handover of a residential project. Good quality plays an important role in creating a good identity for the developer as well as fulfill customer’s satisfaction level. Thus, Malaysian developers have started to implement quality assessment in their residential projects. Quality assessment is carried out to evaluate quality of project. However, even though quality assessment is implemented in most of construction projects, it is still a struggle to reach customer’s satisfaction level due to the number of defects in their residential properties. Therefore, this research carries the objective of investigate lacking of construction quality assessment and developing a framework on quality assessment to reduce defects in residential projects. This paper review requirements on construction quality assessment models which has been proposed by different researchers. The result of this study used to develop a framework on construction quality assessment to fulfil the important indicators which should be included in a quality assessment. The significance of this study may help contractors to develop projects with less defects and quality residential project.

Review on BOD/COD Ratio Toxicity to Daphnia magna, Artemia salina and Brachydanio rerio

This paper review research works on BOD/COD ratio toxicity to three bioindicators, namely: Daphnia magna, Artemia salina, and Brachydanio rerio. Treatment methods are divided into natural, biological, physical, chemical, combined treatment, and phytotechnology for various types of processing operations such as municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, various effluent treatment, landfill leachate, and organic matter. A. salina shows the lowest toxicity value of the BOD/COD ratio and shows it can withstand processing conditions that are not biodegradable. Then followed by B. rerio and D. magna. Furthermore, the disposal limits are standardized for the protection of freshwater biota. In addition, it must be considered whether there is any other potential of disposal into the receiving environment, and if so, what form of disposal and how much, to protect the biota.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. · Type of peer review: Single-blind · Conference submission management system: SoftConf.com (https://www.softconf.com/l/phm2021) · Number of submissions received: 203 · Number of submissions sent for review: 121 · Number of submissions accepted: 25 · Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted/Number of Submissions Received X 100): 12.3% · Average number of reviews per paper: 2 · Total number of reviewers involved: 46 · Any additional info on review process: Papers out of the scopes of the conference had been rejected in an initial paper screening process. Papers passing the initial screening process had been further evaluated by a group of experts in the field to make sure they meet the necessary standards for acceptance and publication. Each paper underwent formal paper review by at least two reviewers in terms of appropriateness, clarity, originality/Innovativeness, and Overall Recommendation. We used professional conference paper management system “SOFTCONF” in coordinating the paper review process and communicating with the authors. A paper was accepted for presentation and publication only if the comments from both reviewers are positive. The reviewers’ comments had been provided to the authors so that they could follow the suggestions from the reviewers to further improve their papers. The authors were required to highlight the revisions in red in the final manuscript so that the Paper Review Committee could check to ensure the reviewers’ comments were accommodated in the revised manuscript. · Contact person for queries: Jie (Peter) Liu, Professor, Carleton University; Email: [email protected]

Peer review declaration

The review processes in the 6th ICSBE 2021 were conducted using own system named conference management system (CMC), which was done by expert referees from the professional (national and international referees) and close scientific background. All the accepted papers passed two round review processed by two different reviewers, where each of them did not know. Followings are detail peer review information. • Type of peer review: Double-blind Peer review was conducted by double blind type with both of author and reviewers do not each other. And, in the paper, the author did not write the name and affiliation in the review processes. Review processes were done by two round reviews: 1st round: review and comments by two reviewers, and 2nd round: reviewers checked any revision from author based on the comments. • Conference submission management system: The 6th ICSBE used conference management system (CMC) to deal various tasks including submitting your paper, receiving the results of paper review, submitting the final (camera-ready) version of your paper, registering as participant (as a presenter or an observer) in the Conference, receiving invoice to be paid prior to the Conference, uploading your proof of payment and receiving the receipt of your payment, receiving unique QR-code for on-site registration, receiving certificate of participation in an electronic form. Following is the link of CMC system: https://icsbe.tsipil-uii.ac.id/otentifikasi/ • Number of submissions received: We received 81 papers • Number of submissions sent for review: Number paper for review is 76 papers • Number of submissions accepted: Number paper accepted is 50 papers. • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): Acceptance rate is 66%. • Average number of reviews per paper: Each paper was two round reviews. • Total number of reviewers involved: Total number reviewers involved were 44 people including national and international reviewers. • Any additional info on review process: In the review process, the authors have to provide the revision report using revision report template. The paper rejection will be taken in following conditions: 1) Not using English, 2) revision is not performed based on reviewer comments, 3) not fit the IOP template, 4) papers double submitted, and 5) return revision paper out of deadline. • Contact person for queries: Name : Dewi Wulandari, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D Affiliation : Universitas Islam Indonesia Email : [email protected]

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information: • Type of peer review: Single-blind The review process for ICMScE 2021 is Single Blind. Participants’ articles are sent to reviewers automatically through the conference management system (CMS) according to their expertise. Reviewers provide suggestions to the author through the comments column on the CMS. • Conference submission management system: Online submission management system (http://science.conference.upi.edu/icmsce2021/registration-submission/) • Number of submissions received: 540 received • Number of submissions sent for review: 451 sent for review • Number of submissions accepted: 144 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): (144/451) x 100 = 31,93% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 times • Total number of reviewers involved: 20 reviewers and 10 editors • Any additional info on review process: The review process is conducted in 4 stages: 1. Abstract review by the editor 2. Full paper review by the reviewer 3. Second review by the reviewer 4. Similarity check by the editor 5. Layout review by the editor • Contact person for queries (please include: name, affiliation, institutional email address) Dr. Achmad Samsudin +6285225709383 [email protected] Department of Physics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

FinFET Towards Nano-Transistor: A Review

This paper review the FinFET structure as a future transistor for analog and digital electronic circuits, and present its electrical characteristics depending on the important parameters for evaluating the MOSFETs structures like DIBL and Ion/Ioff.

A Systematic Review on Leadership Styles in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Objective - The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the leadership style practiced by leaders in small and medium-sized enterprises. Methodology/Technique - Following the protocol guidance known as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart, a total of six articles were reviewed and analysed after meeting inclusion criteria and being deemed relevant to the goals of this paper. Findings - The results of the study suggested that the leadership styles of leaders in the context of small and medium enterprises are based on the following elements: 1) the background of an organization; 2) the characteristics of the leader; 3) the relationship between leader and followers; and 4) the position of the followers. Novelty - This paper contributes to the knowledge on leadership style in general, specifically in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises. Type of Paper - Review. Keywords: Leader; leadership style; PRISMA; small and medium-sized enterprises; systematic literature review. JEL Classification: L20, L29.