Novel low-powered upconversion strategy to enhance anti-Stokes shift：Cascading the one-photon hot-band absorption and triplet sensitization based on Pd(II)octaethylporphyrin

Typical triplet sensitizer Pd(II)octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) was firstly found to possess the absorption of hot vibrational energy-level and resulting the one-photon absorption (OPA) upconversion emission. Cascading hot-band OPA and triplet-triplet annihilation...

On the interpretation of vibrational relaxation times

Rate laws for the evolution of vibrational energy level populations are derived when the Bethe–Teller law is obeyed. It is assumed that a Boltzmann distribution is maintained via rapid V–V processes. A variety of different rate laws result depending on the size and direction of the perturbation, the extent from equilibrium, and how classical the oscillator is at the initial and final conditions. An earlier analysis by Breshears is shown to be a special case. A prescription is given for procedures to compare relaxation times obtained from shock tube experiments and from laser-induced fluorescence experiments, when T–V energy transfer processes are rate-determining. Corrections for thermal effects are included. Shock tube, fluorescence, and chemical activation experiments are proposed which provide meaningful conditions for testing the Bethe–Teller law and for testing the existence of a Boltzmann distribution.