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Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Ralph Høibakk ◽  
Dag Lukkassen ◽  
Annette Meidell ◽  
Lars-Erik Persson

Our purpose is to shed some new light on problems arising from a study of the classical Single Ladder Problem (SLP). The basic idea is to convert the SLP to a corresponding Single Staircase Problem. The main result (Theorem 1) shows that this idea works fine and new results can be obtained by just calculating rational solutions of an algebraic equation. Some examples of such concrete calculations are given and examples of new results are also given. In particular, we derive a number of integer SLPs with congruent ladders, where a set of rectangular boxes with integer sides constitutes a staircase along a common ladder. Finally, the case with a regular staircase along a given ladder is investigated and illustrated with concrete examples.



Author(s):  
Nazih Abderrazzak Gadhi ◽  
Aissam Ichatouhane

A nonsmooth semi-infinite interval-valued vector programming problem is solved in the paper by Jennane et all. (RAIRO-Oper. Res. doi: 10.1051/ro/2020066, 2020). The necessary optimality condition obtained by the authors, as well as its proof, is false. Some counterexamples are given to refute some results on which the main result (Theorem 4.5) is based. For the convinience of the reader, we correct the faulty in those results, propose a correct formulation of Theorem 4.5 and give also a short proof.



2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Ito

In this paper, we give a definition of [Formula: see text]-valued functions from the ambient isotopy classes of spherical/plane curves derived from chord diagrams, denoted by [Formula: see text]. Then, we introduce certain elements of the free [Formula: see text]-module generated by the chord diagrams with at most [Formula: see text] chords, called relators of Type (I) ((SI[Formula: see text]I), (WI[Formula: see text]I), (SI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I), or (WI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I), respectively), and introduce another function [Formula: see text] derived from [Formula: see text]. The main result (Theorem 1) shows that if [Formula: see text] vanishes for the relators of Type (I) ((SI[Formula: see text]I), (WI[Formula: see text]I), (SI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I), or (WI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I), respectively), then [Formula: see text] is invariant under the Reidemeister move of type RI (strong RI[Formula: see text]I, weak RI[Formula: see text]I, strong RI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I, or weak RI[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text]I, respectively) that is defined in [N. Ito and Y. Takimura, [Formula: see text] and weak [Formula: see text] homotopies on knot projections, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 22 (2013) 1350085 14 pp].



2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrinka Vladeva

The aim of this paper is the investigation of derivations in semiring of polynomials over idempotent semiring. For semiring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a commutative idempotent semiring we construct derivations corresponding to the polynomials from the principal ideal [Formula: see text] and prove that the set of these derivations is a non-commutative idempotent semiring closed under the Jordan product of derivations — Theorem 3.3. We introduce generalized inner derivations defined as derivations acting only over the coefficients of the polynomial and consider [Formula: see text]-derivations in classical sense of Jacobson. In the main result, Theorem 5.3, we show that any derivation in [Formula: see text] can be represented as a sum of a generalized inner derivation and an [Formula: see text]-derivation.



2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
FETHI BEN AMOR

This note furnishes an example showing that the main result (Theorem 4) in Toumi [‘When lattice homomorphisms of Archimedean vector lattices are Riesz homomorphisms’, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 87 (2009), 263–273] is false.



2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 1350032 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD DIPPER ◽  
JUN HU ◽  
FRIEDERIKE STOLL

Let n ∈ ℕ and Bn(r, q) be the generic Birman–Murakami–Wenzl algebra with respect to indeterminants r and q. It is known that Bn(r, q) has two distinct linear representations generated by two central elements of Bn(r, q) called the symmetrizer and antisymmetrizer of Bn(r, q). These generate for n ≥ 3 the only one-dimensional two sided ideals of Bn(r, q) and generalize the corresponding notion for Hecke algebras of type A. The main result, Theorem 3.1, in this paper explicitly determines the coefficients of these elements with respect to the graphical basis of Bn(r, q).



Filomat ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Bor ◽  
H.M. Srivastava ◽  
Waadallah Sulaiman

The main object of this paper is to prove two general theorems by using a two-parameter quasi- f (?,?) -power increasing sequence instead of a quasi-?-power increasing sequence. The first result (Theorem 2.1) in this paper covers the case when 0 < ? < 1 and ? = 0. The second main result (Theorem 2.3) in this paper covers the exceptional case when ? = 1 and ? 5 0. Each of these theorems also includes several new or known results as their special cases and consequences.



Author(s):  
Bas Edixhoven

This chapter proves the main result on the computation of Galois representations. It provides a detailed description of the algorithm and a rigorous proof of the complexity. It first combines the results of chapters 11 and 12 in order to work out the strategy of Chapter 3. This gives the main result, Theorem 14.1.1: a deterministic polynomial time algorithm, based on computations with complex numbers. The crucial transition from approximations to exact values is done, and the proof of Theorem 14.1.1 is finished later in the chapter. The chapter then replaces the complex computations with the computations over finite fields from Chapter 13, and gives a probabilistic (Las Vegas type) polynomial time variant of the algorithm in Theorem 14.1.1.



2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL FAITH

If R is right pseudo-Frobenius (= PF), and A is an ideal, when is R/A right PF? Our main result, Theorem 3.7, states that this happens iff the ideal A′ of the basic ring B of R corresponding to A has left annihilator F in B generated by a single element on both sides. Moreover, in this case B/A′ ≈ F in mod-B, (see Theorem 3.5), a property that does not extend to R, that is, in general R/A is not isomorphic to the left annihilator of A. (See Example 4.3(2) and Theorem 4.5.) Theorem 4.6 characterizes Frobenius rings among quasi-Frobenius (QF) rings. As an application of the main theorem, in Theorem 3.9 we prove that if A is generated as a right or left ideal by an idempotent e, then e is central (and R/A is then trivially right PF along with R). This generalizes the result of F. W. Anderson for quasi-Frobenius rings. (See Theorem 2.2 for a new proof.). In Proposition 1.6, we prove that a generalization of this result holds for finite products R of full matrix rings over local rings; namely, an ideal A is finitely generated as a right or left ideal iff A is generated by a central idempotent. We also note a theorem going back to Nakayama, Goursaud, and the author that every factor ring of R is right PF iff R is a uniserial ring. (See Theorem 5.1.).



2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaj Nyström

In this paper we study free boundary regularity in a parabolic two-phase problem below the continuous threshold. We consider unbounded domains $\Omega\subset\mathsf{R}^{n+1}$ assuming that $\partial\Omega$ separates $\mathsf{R}^{n+1}$ into two connected components $\Omega^1=\Omega$ and $\Omega^2=\mathsf{R}^{n+1}\setminus\overline\Omega$. We furthermore assume that both $\Omega^1$ and $\Omega^2$ are parabolic NTA-domains, that $\partial\Omega$ is Ahlfors regular and for $i\in\{1,2\}$ we define $\omega^i(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i,\cdot)$ to be the caloric measure at $(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i)\in \Omega^i$ defined with respect to $\Omega^i$. In the paper we make the additional assumption that $\omega^i(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i,\cdot)$, for $i\in\{1,2\}$, is absolutely continuous with respect to an appropriate surface measure $\sigma$ on $\partial\Omega$ and that the Poisson kernels $k^i(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i,\cdot)=d\omega^i(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i,\cdot)/d\sigma$ are such that $\log k^i(\hat{X}^i,\hat{t}^i,\cdot)\in \mathrm{VMO}(d\sigma)$. Our main result (Theorem 1) states that, under these assumptions, $C_r(X,t)\cap\partial\Omega$ is Reifenberg flat with vanishing constant whenever $(X,t)\in\partial\Omega$ and $\min\{\hat{t}^1,\hat{t}^2\}>t+4r^2$. This result has an important consequence (Theorem 3) stating that if the two-phase condition on the Poisson kernels is fulfilled, $\Omega^1$ and $\Omega^2$ are parabolic NTA-domains and $\partial\Omega$ is Ahlfors regular then if $\Omega$ is close to being a chord arc domain with vanishing constant we can in fact conclude that $\Omega$ is a chord arc domain with vanishing constant.



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