Pastoral Criticism, Structural Collaboration: The Role of Ecclesial Power Structures in Modernization and Economic Individualization

This article analyzes the complex processes of modernization and individualization, as well as how the church has structurally fostered individualization despite its public criticism. First, the article demonstrates how modernization and individualization have gradually restructured human self-understanding into an economic image of humanity: the human person as homo oeconomicus. Second, this article examines the church's relation to modernity, and specifically its critiques of liberalism and economic individualism. However, the church has often generated the conditions and structures for individualization, and by extension the processes of acceleration and economization of the life-world that it criticizes. Three areas in intra-ecclesial discourse that foster individualization are examined: the interiorization of faith, ecclesial centralization and clerical bureaucracy, and the promotion of corporatism and digital immediacy. The article concludes by examining recent papal efforts at structural reform and the degree to which they address previously entrenched problems and point toward a renewed, non-economic anthropology.

Die Anthropologisierung des Ökonomischen in spanischen Komödien, 1762-1805 : Vom vir oeconomicus bis zur femina profusa

Die Politische Ökonomie des europäischen 18. Jahrhunderts erklärt das Wirtschaften zur menschlichen Grundbedingung. Dieses Phänomen fasst die vorliegende Studie unter dem Begriff der ‚Anthropologisierung des Ökonomischen‘ und untersucht, wie sich Traktate spanischer Reformökonomen des ausgehenden 18. Jahrhunderts in sentimentalen Wirtschaftskomödien der Spätaufklärung niederschlagen. Die an der Schnittstelle zwischen Literatur-, Kulturwissenschaften und ökonomischer Theoriegeschichte verortete Untersuchung bietet erstmals seit Schumpeter einen auf aktuellen Forschungen basierenden deutschsprachigen Überblick über die Strömungen wirtschaftlichen Denkens im aufklärerischen Spanien und ihren Vorläufern. Dabei stellt sie auf den Ebenen Wirtschafts- und Theaterreform Bezüge zu Entwicklungen in Frankreich, England und Deutschland her. Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass, wenn vom ökonomischen Menschen (homo oeconomicus) die Rede ist, meist der ökonomische Mann (vir oeconomicus) gemeint ist, entwickelt sie ein begriffliches Instrumentarium zur Analyse der wiederkehrenden ökonomischen Figurentypen des spanischen Reformtheaters. Indem sie Komödien aus dem Zeitraum zwischen 1762 bis 1805 untersucht, differenziert sie geschlechtsspezifische Verkörperungen guten und schlechten Wirtschaftens in Handel, Industrie und Agrarwirtschaft aus, die vom vir oeconomicus bis zur femina profusa reichen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk richtet die Studie neben den Transferprozessen zwischen ökonomischem und theatralem Diskurs auf den aufkeimenden Liberalismus sowie auf eine für Spanien spezifische Rückbindung des Ökonomischen an das Religiöse. Für ihren interdisziplinären Charakter wurde sie mit dem Förderpreis der Universitätsgesellschaft Münster e.V. ausgezeichnet.

LABOR MIGRATION: CURRENT AND PERSPECTIVE CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINE

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the labor resources migration phenomenon from Ukraine in the context of theoretical basics of it generalization and against the background of its evolution and world trends, to identify its specific features, real consequences and possible perspectives regarding the regulation possibility taking into account the specifics of the nature and structure of this phenomenon in this country. The research methodology is formed on the basis of the classic economic theory of migration in combination with the behavioral approach and the interpretation of human as homo oeconomicus. Methods were used in the research process: dialectical, historical and semantic analysis, method of theoretical generalization and scientific abstraction, induction and deduction, monographic, graphic, statistical and analytical. The main findings are related to the detection of the tendency to increase the scale of labor migration from Ukraine even under conditions of pandemic, the identification of threats and harms connected with this phenomenon. Substantiated recommendations for eliminating the threats and harms of international labor migration from Ukraine may have practical applications. The originality of the article is determined by its timeliness and by diversified set of used sources of information, what together forms its value as well.

A narratív közgazdaságtan szerepe : Recenzió Robert J. Shiller Narratív közgazdaságtan (2020,Budapest, HVG Kiadó Zrt.) könyvéről

Ahhoz, hogy jobban megérthessük a koronavírus miatti változásokat és a következő időszak gazdasági jövőképét, szükségképpen foglalkoznunk kell a közgazdaságtan egy újabb tudományágával, a narratív közgazdaságtannal. Herbert Simon korlátozott racionalitásról szóló gondolataitól kezdve Akerlof és Shiller munkásságáig sokan foglalkoztak azzal a problémával, hogy a mindig racionálisan viselkedő és optimalizáló emberkép, a homo oeconomicus egy hibás és nem teljes képest fest a társadalomban viselkedő gazdasági szereplőkről. A gazdasági szereplőket pszichológiai és érzelmi hatások érik és az érzelmi kötelékek miatt a racionalitás fogalmi keretrendszere is változik. Ebből fakadóan fontos megismernünk azokat a narratív mozgatórugókat, amelyek a racionális döntéseket formálják, hiszen a racionalitást nem felülírjuk, hanem kiegészítjük a jövőkép teljessége érdekében. Az ezzel kapcsolatos ismereteket pedig Robert J. Shiller Narratív közgazdaságtan című munkája mutatja be a legteljesebben számunkra. Ebben az összefoglalóban a narratívák működéséről és a könyvben található első öt örökzöld narratíváról fogok írni. Remélem, hogy így többen is kedvet kapnak ahhoz, hogy kezükbe vegyék ezt a könyvet és mélyebben kutassanak gazdaságunk mindennapi narratívái után.

Neoliberalism and Religion in Latin America

The term “neoliberalism” has variable and broad meanings. It has even been suggested that we should dispense with the term altogether. However, in this text, I defend that we can find a very powerful concept of neoliberalism in the works of Dardot-Laval, and Brown. These thinkers show us that neoliberalism needs to be conceived as a rationality that produces a specific kind of human subjectivity, namely, the neoliberal Homo Oeconomicus or the Homo Neoliberalis. Such a concept is, in addition, crucial to understand the most recent and visible changes in Latin American religiosity, that is, the so-called “Latin American Protestant Turn”. This turn, as has been noted, should be more precisely called the “Latin American Pentecostal Turn”. Based on empirical studies that describe the main elements of this turn, I describe what seems to be the principal traits of the religiosity of the Latin American Homo Neoliberalis.

En tierra extraña: relato alternativo de la migración española contemporánea

En este artículo estudiaré cómo En tierra extraña, el documental que Icíar Bollaín rodó en 2014, presenta un relato alternativo al oficial acerca de la migración masiva de españoles, en su caso, a Edimburgo, tras la crisis de 2008. A través de su investigación de la nueva figura migrante y del nuevo fenómeno migratorio contemporáneo, el documental construye una narración que denuncia la imagen del migrante como homo œconomicus fracasado mientras resalta el papel de las políticas neoliberales en la precarización y expulsión de ciertos ciudadanos para lograr la supervivencia del sistema capitalista existente.

Investigation into the rationale of migration intention due to air pollution integrating the Homo Oeconomicus traits

Air pollution is a considerable environmental stressor for urban residents in developing countries. Perceived health risks of air pollution might induce migration intention among inhabitants. The current study employed the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) to investigate the rationale behind the domestic and international migration intentions among 475 inhabitants in Hanoi, Vietnam – one of the most polluted capital cities worldwide. We found that people perceiving more impacts of air pollution in their daily life are more likely to have migration intention. The effect of perceived air pollution impact on international migration intention is stronger than that of domestic migration. Acknowledging a family member’s air pollution-induced sickness moderated the association between perceived air pollution impact and domestic migration intention, while the personal experience of air pollution-induced sickness did not. In contrast, the moderation effect of personal experience of sickness became significant in the international migration circumstance, but the effect of information about a family member’s sickness was trivial. The findings suggest that urban inhabitants’ consideration of air pollution averting strategies reflects some characteristics of Homo Oeconomicus. Additionally, the individual’s socio-economic decision is seemingly insignificant on a social scale. Still, through environmental stressors as catalysts, such decisions might result in considerable social outcomes (e.g., internal migration and emigration).

Homo oeconomicus x homo politicus: considerações sobre o neoliberalismo e a mudança no imaginário democrático

O presente artigo pretende analisar quais são as implicações de uma hipótese que prolonga a análise foucaultiana do neoliberalismo a partir de seus efeitos na democracia moderna. Com esse propósito, o trabalho recente de Wendy Brown examina como a racionalidade neoliberal afeta a democracia, transforma o seu imaginário e mesmo o seu sujeito principal, isto é o demos. Brown aponta para dois problemas da "revolução furtiva do neoliberalismo", a saber, que a racionalidade neoliberal transforma e desfaz a democracia ao afetar diretamente o seu princípio fundamental que é a soberania popular. Tal transformação se faz a partir da mudança produzida no imaginário democrático e, principalmente, da transformação do sujeito econômico, de sujeito de interesse em capital humano, assim como do sujeito político, relegado a segundo plano. A partir desse primeiro problema, examinamos como se dão e quais são as consequências da mudança do imaginário democrático e de seu sujeito político central. O segundo problema apontado por Brown trata da interferência da razão neoliberal na autonomia soberana. A segunda parte deste artigo procura, portanto, analisar as relações entre soberania do Estado-nação e a noção de soberania popular a partir do problema da expansão do capital e da vulnerabilidade das fronteiras e do território onde se exerce a cidadania.