Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease resulting in red silvery skin patches, increased dermal vascularity and keratinocyte hyper proliferation, particularly on extensor prominences and the scalp. There are some exogenous chemicals and endogenous sources which causes skin dysfunction due to the harmful generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among them, the responsible exogenous chemicals are environmental toxins, chemotherapeutics, ionizing radiations, inflammatory cytokines, ultraviolet light, while the endogenous sources include cyt P-450, mitochondria, lipoxygenase, metabolic process, peroxisomes and various enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. It affects DNA, lipids and proteins, which are the cellular components of the skin. Modifications of plasma lipids, an expansion in the levels of biochemical markers of lipid peroxidation and subsequent inflammation suggest the interconnection between inflammation, oxidative damage and psoriasis. The review presents relevance of lipid peroxidation end products like malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4- hydoxynoneal (HNE) as markers of psoriasis that can be targeted for effective treatment, including biomarkers for inflammation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, abnormal differentiation and oxidative stress.
Consecutive lactate formation and chain elongation to reduce exogenous chemicals input in repeated-batch food waste fermentation
