Instructional Plans: Grades 3–5

Chapter 6 presents three instructional plans that are geared toward grades 3–5. Instructional plans consist of planning necessities, standard alignment, alignment to philosophies approached in earlier chapters, as well as instructional procedures and assessments. Adaptations for other grade-level bands as well as potential extensions are available for each plan. This chapter includes the following instructional plans: Invent an Instrument Using Recycled Materials, Composing Using Light: Musical Automata, and Performing Music Using Light: Theremins and Oscillators. During Invent an Instrument Using Recycled Materials, students will design and build an instrument that they can use in performance. In Composing Using Light: Musical Automata, students will use the concepts of transferring energy and photosensitive circuits to compose a piece of music. In Performing Music Using Light: Theremins and Oscillators, students will use concepts such as voltage, resistance, and oscillation, to create their own electronic musical instruments that change pitch depending on exposure to light.

Instructional Plans: Grades K–2

Chapter 5 presents three instructional plans that are geared toward grades K–2. Instructional plans consist of planning necessities, standard alignment, alignment to philosophies approached in earlier chapters, as well as instructional procedures and assessments. Adaptations for other grade-level bands as well as potential extensions are available for each plan. This chapter includes the following instructional plans: Shapes of Electric Guitars, Sound Amplification and Speaker Building, and Measuring Length and Pitch. In Shapes of Electric Guitars, students will design guitar bodies and perform on them using available technology. In Sound Amplification, students will analyze and experiment with sound waves, eventually building their own small speaker. In Measuring Length and Pitch, students will measure pitched tubes to determine the mathematical relationship between pitches.

Instructional Plans: Grades 9–12

Instructional plans consist of planning necessities, standard alignment, alignment to philosophies approached in earlier chapters, as well as instructional procedures and assessments. Adaptations for other grade-level bands as well as potential extensions are available for each plan. This chapter includes the following instructional plans: Audio Engineering: Ratios in Recording, Designing a Chromatic PVC Instrument, Controlled Voltage: Composing, Performing, and Improvising with Subtractive Electronic Synthesis, and Sound Pollution and Its Effects on Local Bird Ecology. In Audio Engineering: Ratios in Recording, students will use a method of measuring and experimentation to maximize the sound quality of a given recording environment. In Designing a Chromatic PVC Instrument, students will design a one octave chromatic instrument using mathematical calculations and representations to create initial expressive statements and explain the relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in the PVC pipes. In Controlled Voltage: Composing, Performing, and Improvising with Subtractive Electronic Synthesis, students will interface with the subtractive architecture of electronic instruments, the concept of controlled voltage, and the function of an electronic sequencer. In Sound Pollution and Its Effects on Local Bird Ecology, students will learn about modern sound pollution and the effect it has on many different forms of ecology. Students will determine at the end of their own study whether or not there were any observed correlations between these datas captured, and if other data could be used to claim causation.

Instructional Plans: Grades 6–8

Chapter 7 presents four instructional plans that are geared toward grades 6–8. Instructional plans consist of planning necessities, standard alignment, alignment to philosophies approached in earlier chapters, as well as instructional procedures and assessments. Adaptations for other grade-level bands as well as potential extensions are available for each plan. This chapter includes the following instructional plans: Building a Fretboard, Piezoelectricity Experiments, Composing Music Using Coding, and Performing Music Using Coding. In Building a Fretboard, students will calculate the location of each fret on a fretboard and build a scaled model. In Piezoelectricity Experiments, students will engage in found-sound exploration using crystals that convert kinetic energy into audible electric energy. In Composing Music Using Coding, students will make connections between coding and traditional music composition. In Performing Music Using Coding, students will make connections between coding and music performance.

Decoupling alignment strategy from feature quantification using a standard alignment incidence data structure

SummaryThe abundance of genomic feature such as gene expression is often estimated from observed total number of alignment incidences in the targeted genome regions. We introduce a generic data structure and associated file format for alignment incidence data so that method developers can create novel pipelines comprising models, each optimal for read alignment, post-alignment QC, and quantification across multiple sequencing modalities.Availability and Implementationalntools software is freely available at https://github.com/churchill-lab/alntools under MIT [email protected] or [email protected]

Guided growth: preliminary results of a multinational study of 967 physes in 537 patients

Background Guided growth by tension band plating is commonly used to correct coronal plane deformity. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect and further define parameters that influence results in coronal plane deformity around the knee. Methods The retrospective multicentre study included data on 967 physes in 537 patients, with an average follow-up of 16 months after plate insertion. Alignment analysis was compared preoperatively and in at least two measurements postoperatively, as well as with parameters that influence the rate and amount of correction. Results Average age at plate implantation was 11.35 years (SD 3.29). Of those with femoral deformities, 85% of the patients finished the treatment and of those, 70% were corrected to standard alignment, while 14% have not yet achieved correction, and are still growing. Of those with tibial deformities, 75% of the patients finished the treatment and of those 80% were corrected to standard alignment, while 25% have not yet achieved correction and are still growing. The calculated rate of correction was 0.77°/month for the femur and 0.79°/month for the tibia. In terms of complications, the overall rate of infection was 1.48%. In three patients (0.55%) screw breakage was recorded. Factors found to significantly influence the amount of correction were age at plate implantation and direction of deformity. Conclusion Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis takes the advantage of physiological physeal growth to effectively treat angular deformities. Success of treatment is influenced by the age of the patient at plate implantation and direction of deformity. Level of Evidence IV